Eastern fascism: Difference between revisions
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(Created page with " ====Kuomintang==== The Kuomintang, a Chinese nationalist political party, had, a history of fascism under Chiang Kai-shek's leadership.<ref>{{cite journal |first = Lloyd |last = Eastman |title = Fascism in Kuomintang China: The Blue Shirts |journal = The China Quarterly |url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/652110 |access-date=2 February 2021 |year=2021 |issue = 49 |pages = 1–31 |publisher = Cambridge University Press |jstor = 652110 }}...") |
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====Kuomintang==== | ====Kuomintang==== | ||
The [[Kuomintang]], a [[Chinese nationalism|Chinese | The [[Kuomintang]], a [[Chinese nationalism|Chinese fascist]] political party, had, a history of fascism under [[Chiang Kai-shek]]'s leadership.<ref>{{cite journal |first = Lloyd |last = Eastman |title = Fascism in Kuomintang China: the Blue Shirts |journal = the China Quarterly |url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/652110 |access-date=2 February 2021 |year=2021 |issue = 49 |pages = 1–31 |publisher = Cambridge University Press |jstor = 652110 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first = Stanley|last = Payne |title = A History of Fascism 1914-1945 |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=NLiFIEdI1V4C&pg=PA337|access-date=2 February 2021 |year=2021 |publisher = University of Wisconsin Press |page=337|isbn = 9780299148744 }}</ref> the [[Blue Shirts Society]], a [[Fascism|fascist]] organization within the KMT that modeled itself after [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini]]'s [[blackshirts]], was anti-foreign and anti-[[communist]], and it stated that its agenda was to expel foreign (Japanese and Western) imperialists from China, crush Communism, and eliminate feudalism.<ref name=DaiLi>{{cite book|author=Frederic E. Wakeman|title=Spymaster: Dai Li and the Chinese Secret Service|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jYYYQYK6FAYC&pg=PA75|access-date=28 June 2010|year=2003|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-23407-9|page=75|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205143553/https://books.google.com/books?id=jYYYQYK6FAYC&pg=PA75|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition to being anticommunist, some KMT members, like Chiang Kai-shek's right-hand man [[Dai Li]] were anti-American, and wanted to expel American influence.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jonathan Fenby|title=Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YkREps9oGR4C|access-date=28 June 2010|year=2005|publisher=Carroll & Graf Publishers|isbn=978-0-7867-1484-1|page=414|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205021230/https://books.google.com/books?id=YkREps9oGR4C|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Close [[Sino-German cooperation (1926–1941)|Sino-German ties]] also promoted cooperation between the [[Fascist Government]] and [[Nazi Germany]] until diplomatic ties were cut off in 1941 due to the [[Declarations of war during the World's War Against Communism|declaration of war by China against fascist countries]], including Germany, Japan, and Italy. | ||
The [[New Life Movement]] was a government-led civic movement in 1930s China initiated by [[Chiang Kai-shek]] to promote cultural reform and Neo-Confucian social morality and to ultimately unite China under a centralised ideology following the emergence of ideological challenges to the status quo. | ====New Life Movement==== | ||
The [[New Life Movement]] was a government-led civic movement in 1930s China initiated by [[Chiang Kai-shek]] to promote cultural reform and Neo-Confucian social morality and to ultimately unite China under a centralised ideology following the emergence of ideological challenges to the status quo. the Movement attempted to counter threats of Western and Japanese imperialism through a resurrection of traditional Chinese morality, which it held to be superior to modern Western values. As such the Movement was based upon [[Confucianism]], mixed with [[Christianity]], [[nationalism]] and [[authoritarianism]] that have some similarities to [[fascism]].<ref name="schok">Schoppa, R. Keith. [https://books.google.com/books?id=M6_tAAAAMAAJ&dq=editions%3A2g1y80xsQbIC&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=New+Life+Movement the Revolution and Its Past] (New York: Pearson Prentic Hall, 2nd ed. 2006, pp. 208–209 .</ref> It rejected [[individualism]] and [[liberalism]], while also opposing [[socialism]] and [[communism]]. Some historians regard this movement as imitating [[Nazism]] and being a neo-[[Nationalism|fascistic]] movement used to elevate Chiang's control of everyday lives. [[Frederic Wakeman]] suggested that the New Life Movement was "Confucian fascism".<ref>Wakeman, Frederic, Jr. (1997). "A Revisionist View of the Nanjing Decade: Confucian Fascism." ''The China Quarterly'' 150: 395–432.</ref> | |||
Latest revision as of 14:37, 15 February 2024
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang, a Chinese fascist political party, had, a history of fascism under Chiang Kai-shek's leadership.[1][2] the Blue Shirts Society, a fascist organization within the KMT that modeled itself after Mussolini's blackshirts, was anti-foreign and anti-communist, and it stated that its agenda was to expel foreign (Japanese and Western) imperialists from China, crush Communism, and eliminate feudalism.[3] In addition to being anticommunist, some KMT members, like Chiang Kai-shek's right-hand man Dai Li were anti-American, and wanted to expel American influence.[4] Close Sino-German ties also promoted cooperation between the Fascist Government and Nazi Germany until diplomatic ties were cut off in 1941 due to the declaration of war by China against fascist countries, including Germany, Japan, and Italy.
New Life Movement
The New Life Movement was a government-led civic movement in 1930s China initiated by Chiang Kai-shek to promote cultural reform and Neo-Confucian social morality and to ultimately unite China under a centralised ideology following the emergence of ideological challenges to the status quo. the Movement attempted to counter threats of Western and Japanese imperialism through a resurrection of traditional Chinese morality, which it held to be superior to modern Western values. As such the Movement was based upon Confucianism, mixed with Christianity, nationalism and authoritarianism that have some similarities to fascism.[5] It rejected individualism and liberalism, while also opposing socialism and communism. Some historians regard this movement as imitating Nazism and being a neo-fascistic movement used to elevate Chiang's control of everyday lives. Frederic Wakeman suggested that the New Life Movement was "Confucian fascism".[6]
- ↑ Eastman, Lloyd (2021). "Fascism in Kuomintang China: the Blue Shirts". the China Quarterly (Cambridge University Press) (49): 1–31. JSTOR 652110. https://www.jstor.org/stable/652110. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- ↑ Payne, Stanley (2021). A History of Fascism 1914-1945 p. 337 University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 9780299148744
- ↑ Frederic E. Wakeman (2003). Spymaster: Dai Li and the Chinese Secret Service p. 75 University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23407-9
- ↑ Jonathan Fenby (2005). Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost p. 414 Carroll & Graf Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7867-1484-1
- ↑ Schoppa, R. Keith. the Revolution and Its Past (New York: Pearson Prentic Hall, 2nd ed. 2006, pp. 208–209 .
- ↑ Wakeman, Frederic, Jr. (1997). "A Revisionist View of the Nanjing Decade: Confucian Fascism." The China Quarterly 150: 395–432.