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Italian fascism: Difference between revisions

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{{Stub}}{{Nopic}}{{Cleanup}}{{Key|Modern Fascism}}
{{Stub}}{{Nopic}}{{Cleanup}}{{Key|Modern Fascism}}
Italian Fascism is often ''incorrectly'' [[thought]] of as the "original" Fascism, mostly due to [[propaganda]], but partially due to it being the first connected to [[WWAC]], and that Mussolini [[coined the term]]. This brand of [[fascism]]was based on [[ancient Rome]] and developed by [[Mussolini|Benito Mussolini]] and [[Giovanni Gentile]], among [[others]], and also based on the writings of [[Plato]] and [[George Sorel]]. It became the blueprint for all of modern [[fascism]], includ8ng [[National Socialism]].It was the [[ideology]] of several organizations and parties associated with [[Benito Mussolini]], notably the [[National Fascist Party]] that governed [[Italy]] from 1922 - when he was granted the title of Prime Minister - following the [[March on Rome]]. It was also the ideology of the subsequent [[Italian Social Republic]] and the previous [[Fasci di Combattimento]].ย  ย 
Italian Fascism is often ''incorrectly'' [[thought]] of as the "original" Fascism, mostly due to [[propaganda]], but partially due to it being the first connected to [[WWAC]], and that [[MussolinI|Mussolini]] [[coined the term]]. This brand of [[fascism]]was based on [[ancient Rome]] and developed by [[Mussolini|Benito Mussolini]] and [[Giovanni Gentile]], among [[others]], and also based on the writings of [[Plato]] and [[George Sorel]]. It became the blueprint for all of modern [[fascism]], includ8ng [[National Socialism]].It was the [[ideology]] of several organizations and parties associated with [[Benito Mussolini]], notably the [[National Fascist Party]] that governed [[Italy]] from 1922 - when he was granted the title of Prime Minister - following the [[March on Rome]]. It was also the ideology of the subsequent [[Italian Social Republic]] and the previous [[Fasci di Combattimento]].ย  ย 


Claims regarding Italian[[fascism]]are controversial and vary widely and may be problematic for reasons such as [[Allied psychological warfare]] and the associations with [[National Socialist Germany]]. Moreover, its operations were [[subject]] to internal opposition, mainly from the [[Monarchy]] and the Bourgeoisie, leading to confusion regarding its true [[theoretical]] basis.ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย 
Claims regarding Italian[[fascism]]are controversial and vary widely and may be problematic for reasons such as [[Allied psychological warfare]] and the associations with [[National Socialist Germany]]. Moreover, its operations were [[subject]] to internal opposition, mainly from the [[Monarchy]] and the Bourgeoisie, leading to confusion regarding its true [[theoretical]] basis.ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย  ย 


=History=
=History=
It was an early and influential part of the international [[fascism]] (anti-[[Marxism]]) movement, in Italy in particular having associations with [[Italian nationalism]], [[nationalism]], [[Ancient Rome]], [[Futurism]], [[nationalism]] in general,ย  [[national syndicalism]], and [[corporatism]]. Mussolini described [[fascism]] as being [[authoritarianism]].
It was an early and influential part of the international [[fascism]] (anti-[[Marxism]]) movement, in Italy in particular having associations with [[Italian nationalism]], [[nationalism]], [[Ancient Rome]], [[Futurism]], [[nationalism]] in general,ย  [[national syndicalism]], and [[corporatism]]. [[Mussolini]] described [[fascism]] as being [[authoritarianism]].


{{See|Fascism}}
{{See|Fascism}}
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[[File:Italian Fascist Poster.jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[Italian]] [[Fascist]] poster from the 1920s.]]
[[File:Italian Fascist Poster.jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[Italian]] [[Fascist]] poster from the 1920s.]]
[[File:Hundreds of Roman salutes, 7 January 2024 in Rome.png|thumb|250px|Hundreds of [[Roman salutes]] (''saluti romani'') on 7 January 2024 in [[Rome]] in front of the former MSI headquarters commemorating three young patriots of the Youth Front murdered there in January 1978<ref>One of the weapons used in the 1978 ambush by [[communists]], a Skorpion machine gun, was later found in a [[Red Brigades]] hideout on Via Dogali in Milan in 1988. Ballistic tests revealed that the same weapon was used in three other Red Brigades murders: that of economist Ezio Tarantelli in 1985, former mayor of [[Florence]] Lando Conti in 1986, and [[Christian]] Democrat senator Roberto Ruffilli in 1988.</ref> during the "Ambush in Acca Larenzia": Franco Bigonzetti, Francesco Ciavatta and Stefano Recchioni. Vincenzo Segneri was wounded, but survived.<ref>[https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2024/01/08/news/acca_larentia_saluti_romani-421828013/ Acca Larentia, centinaia di saluti romani], la Repubblica</ref>]]
[[File:Hundreds of Roman salutes, 7 January 2024 in Rome.png|thumb|250px|Hundreds of [[Roman salutes]] (''saluti romani'') on 7 January 2024 in [[Rome]] in front of the former MSI headquarters commemorating three young patriots of the Youth Front murdered there in January 1978<ref>One of the weapons used in the 1978 ambush by [[communists]], a Skorpion machine gun, was later found in a [[Red Brigades]] hideout on Via Dogali in Milan in 1988. Ballistic tests revealed that the same weapon was used in three other Red Brigades murders: that of economist Ezio Tarantelli in 1985, former mayor of [[Florence]] Lando Conti in 1986, and [[Christian]] Democrat senator Roberto Ruffilli in 1988.</ref> during the "Ambush in Acca Larenzia": Franco Bigonzetti, Francesco Ciavatta and Stefano Recchioni. Vincenzo Segneri was wounded, but survived.<ref>[https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2024/01/08/news/acca_larentia_saluti_romani-421828013/ Acca Larentia, centinaia di saluti romani], la Repubblica</ref>]]
It was an early and influential part of the broader [[fascism (broad sense)]] movement, in Italy in particular having influences such as Italian [[nationalism]], [[Ancient Rome]], [[Futurism]], and [[national syndicalism]]/[[corporatism]].
[[Mussolini]] briefly described fascism as in a sense being [[totalitarianism]], which is very often mentioned by critics of both Italian fascism and fascism more generally, but his [[meaning]] of the word was not the current politically correct negative meaning of the word.


Even some politically correct sources state that ย 
Even some politically correct sources state that ย 


: "''It should be noted that there is widespread disagreement among commentators about whether Italian Fascism is properly classified as a totalitarian system. [[Hannah Arendt]] and George Kennan thought otherwise. Mussolini's regime, on such accounts, is best comprehended as an extreme form of [[dictatorship]] or, according to Juan Linz, a species of "authoritarianism." Though preeminent, it shared power with other collective actors such as the monarchy, the military, and the [[Catholic]] Churchย  [...] Mussolini was domestically ousted in a way that indicates a far more precarious grip on power than either [[Hitler]] or [[Stalin]] evinced.''" and "''Although the term itself was first applied by Mussolini to his fascist state, his rule of Italyโ€”in retrospect, and in comparison with its National [[Socialist]] [[German]] and [[Communist]] Russian contemporariesโ€”is not usually described as totalitarian. Nor does the term apply to other fascist or dictatorial regimes, such as those of [[Horthy]] in [[Hungary]], Pilsudski in [[Poland]], [[Franco]] in [[Spain]], Salazar in [[Portugal]], and [[Juan Perรณn|Peron]] in [[Argentina]].''"<ref>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/political-science-and-government/political-science-terms-and-concepts/totalitarianism Totalitarianism], encyclopedia.com</ref>
: "''It should be noted that there is widespread disagreement among commentators about whether Italian Fascism is properly classified as a totalitarian system. [[Hannah Arendt]] and George Kennan thought otherwise. Mussolini's regime, on such accounts, is best comprehended as an extreme form of [[dictatorship]] or, according to Juan Linz, a species of "authoritarianism." Though preeminent, it shared power with other collective actors such as the monarchy, the military, and the [[Catholic]] Churchย  [...] Mussolini was domestically ousted in a way that indicates a far more precarious grip on power than either [[Hitler]] or [[Stalin]] evinced.''" and "''Although the term itself was first applied by Mussolini to his fascist state, his rule of Italyโ€”in retrospect, and in comparison with its National [[Socialist]] [[German]] and [[Communist]] Russian contemporariesโ€”is not usually described as totalitarian. Nor does the term apply to other fascist or dictatorial regimes, such as those of [[Horthy]] in [[Hungary]], Pilsudski in [[Poland]], [[Franco]] in [[Spain]], Salazar in [[Portugal]], and [[Juan Perรณn|Peron]] in [[Argentina]].''"<ref>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/political-science-and-government/political-science-terms-and-concepts/totalitarianism Totalitarianism], encyclopedia.com</ref>
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==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 23:56, 11 February 2024

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Modern Fascism

Italian Fascism is often incorrectly thought of as the "original" Fascism, mostly due to propaganda, but partially due to it being the first connected to WWAC, and that Mussolini coined the term. This brand of fascismwas based on ancient Rome and developed by Benito Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, among others, and also based on the writings of Plato and George Sorel. It became the blueprint for all of modern fascism, includ8ng National Socialism.It was the ideology of several organizations and parties associated with Benito Mussolini, notably the National Fascist Party that governed Italy from 1922 - when he was granted the title of Prime Minister - following the March on Rome. It was also the ideology of the subsequent Italian Social Republic and the previous Fasci di Combattimento.

Claims regarding Italianfascismare controversial and vary widely and may be problematic for reasons such as Allied psychological warfare and the associations with National Socialist Germany. Moreover, its operations were subject to internal opposition, mainly from the Monarchy and the Bourgeoisie, leading to confusion regarding its true theoretical basis.

History

It was an early and influential part of the international fascism (anti-Marxism) movement, in Italy in particular having associations with Italian nationalism, nationalism, Ancient Rome, Futurism, nationalism in general, national syndicalism, and corporatism. Mussolini described fascism as being authoritarianism.

Further information: Fascism
File:206px-National Fascist Party logo.svg.png
Emblem of the National Fascist Party, including a fasces, the etymological source for the term fascism.

Fascism (Italian: Fascismo) in a narrow sense refers to Italian fascism, the ideology of several organizations and parties associated with Benito Mussolini, notably the National Fascist Party that administered Italy from 1922 when it took parliamentary power in the Kingdom of Italy with the March on Rome. False claims regarding Italian fascism are mostly quite obvious and vary widely, for reasons such as Communist propaganda and the associations with National Socialist Germany.

History

File:Italian Fascist Poster.jpg
Italian Fascist poster from the 1920s.
Hundreds of Roman salutes (saluti romani) on 7 January 2024 in Rome in front of the former MSI headquarters commemorating three young patriots of the Youth Front murdered there in January 1978[1] during the "Ambush in Acca Larenzia": Franco Bigonzetti, Francesco Ciavatta and Stefano Recchioni. Vincenzo Segneri was wounded, but survived.[2]

Even some politically correct sources state that

"It should be noted that there is widespread disagreement among commentators about whether Italian Fascism is properly classified as a totalitarian system. Hannah Arendt and George Kennan thought otherwise. Mussolini's regime, on such accounts, is best comprehended as an extreme form of dictatorship or, according to Juan Linz, a species of "authoritarianism." Though preeminent, it shared power with other collective actors such as the monarchy, the military, and the Catholic Church [...] Mussolini was domestically ousted in a way that indicates a far more precarious grip on power than either Hitler or Stalin evinced." and "Although the term itself was first applied by Mussolini to his fascist state, his rule of Italyโ€”in retrospect, and in comparison with its National Socialist German and Communist Russian contemporariesโ€”is not usually described as totalitarian. Nor does the term apply to other fascist or dictatorial regimes, such as those of Horthy in Hungary, Pilsudski in Poland, Franco in Spain, Salazar in Portugal, and Peron in Argentina."[3]

See also

External links

Arktos Journal

Codoh

The Occidental Observer

Other

References

  1. โ†‘ One of the weapons used in the 1978 ambush by communists, a Skorpion machine gun, was later found in a Red Brigades hideout on Via Dogali in Milan in 1988. Ballistic tests revealed that the same weapon was used in three other Red Brigades murders: that of economist Ezio Tarantelli in 1985, former mayor of Florence Lando Conti in 1986, and Christian Democrat senator Roberto Ruffilli in 1988.
  2. โ†‘ Acca Larentia, centinaia di saluti romani, la Repubblica
  3. โ†‘ Totalitarianism, encyclopedia.com
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