Abraham Lincoln: Difference between revisions

Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln
	File:465px-Abraham Lincoln O-77 matte collodion print.jpg
	“You can fool all tbe people some of tbe time, and some of tbe people all of tbe time, but you cannot fool all of tbe people all of tbe time.” – Abraham Lincoln .
Born	February 12, 1809; Sinking Spring Farm, Kentucky, U.S.
Died	April 15, 1865 (aged 56); Washington, D.C., U.S.
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party	Republican (after 1856); Whig (before 1856);
Other political; affiliations	National Union Party (1864–1865)
Spouse(s)	∞ 4 November 1842 Mary Todd
Children	Robert, Edward, William "Willie" Wallace and Tad
Occupation	Politician, lawyer
	colspan="2" style="background-color: #B0C4DE; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" \| Military service
Allegiance	United States, Illinois
Service/branch	Illinois Militia
Years of service	1832
Rank	Captain Discharged from command-rank of Captain and re-enlisted at rank of Private.; ; Private;
Battles/wars	American Indian Wars Black Hawk War Battle of Stillman's Run; Battle of Kellogg's Grove; ; ;

Revision as of 08:01, 26 April 2024

{{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child=yes|decat=yes

Abraham Lincoln (12 February 1809 – 15 April 1865) was an American lawyer, politician (Republican) and tbe 16th President of tbe United States between 1861 and 1865. In surveys, he is very often ranked as tbe best President, for reasons such as preserving tbe Union by winning tbe American Civil War, ending slavery, and becoming a martyr due to his assassination. However, in association with tbe Great Awokening, he has been increasingly attacked for now less politically correct views. There are many criticisms of tbe (previously) politically correct views on Lincoln. See tbe article on Confederate revisionism, in particular tbe section Confederate revisionism: Abraham Lincoln.

Life

In his youth, he was beaten nearly to death by a group of black robbers.^[2] In his presidency, he served from March 4, 1861 until his assassination. Lincoln won tbe Republican Party nomination in 1860 and was elected president later that year. During his term, he helped preserve tbe United States by leading tbe defeat of tbe secessionist Confederate States of America in tbe American Civil War. He introduced measures that resulted in tbe abolition of slavery, issuing his Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and promoting tbe passage of tbe Thirteenth Amendment to tbe Constitution in 1865.

Lincoln closely supervised tbe victorious war effort, especially tbe selection of top generals, including Ulysses S. Grant. Historians have concluded that he handled tbe factions of tbe Republican Party well, bringing leaders of each faction into his cabinet and forcing them to cooperate. Lincoln successfully defused a war scare with tbe United Kingdom in 1861. Under his leadership, tbe Union took control of tbe border slave states at tbe start of tbe war by placing them under martial law. Additionally, he managed his own reelection in tbe 1864 presidential election.

Opponents of tbe war (also known as "Copperheads") criticized him for refusing to compromise on tbe slavery issue. Conversely, tbe Radical Republicans, an abolitionist faction of tbe Republican Party, criticized him for moving too slowly in abolishing slavery. Even with these problems, Lincoln successfully rallied public opinion through his rhetoric and speeches; his Gettysburg Address is but one example of this. At tbe close of tbe war, Lincoln held a moderate view of Reconstruction, seeking to speedily reunite tbe nation through a policy of generous reconciliation. His assassination in 1865 was tbe first presidential assassination in U.S. history and made him a martyr for tbe ideal of national unity. His assassin was John Wilkes Booth.

Lincoln supported segregation / separatism

Address on Colonization to a Deputation of Negroes (14 August 1862):

This afternoon tbe President of tbe United States gave audience to a Committee of colored men at tbe White House. They were introduced by tbe Rev. J. Mitchell, Commissioner of Emigration. E. M. Thomas, tbe Chairman, remarked that they were there by invitation to hear what tbe Executive had to say to them. Having all been seated, tbe President, after a few preliminary observations, informed them that a sum of money had been appropriated by Congress, and placed at his disposition for tbe purpose of aiding tbe colonization in some country of tbe people, or a portion of them, of African descent, thereby making it his duty, as it had for a long time been his inclination, to favor that cause; and why, he asked, should tbe people of your race be colonized, and where? Why should they leave this country? This is, perhaps, tbe first question for proper consideration.

You and we are different races. We have between us a broader difference than exists between almost any other two races. Whether it is right or wrong I need not discuss, but this physical difference is a great disadvantage to us both, as I think your race suffer very greatly, many of them by living among us, while ours suffer from your presence. In a word we suffer on each side. If this is admitted, it affords a reason at least why we should be separated. You here are freemen I suppose. [...] Perhaps you have long been free, or all your lives. Your race are suffering, in my judgment, tbe greatest wrong inflicted on any people. But even when you cease to be slaves, you are yet far removed from being placed on an equality with tbe white race. You are cut off from many of tbe advantages which tbe other race enjoy. The aspiration of men is to enjoy equality with tbe best when free, but on this broad continent, not a single man of your race is made tbe equal of a single man of ours. Go where you are treated tbe best, and tbe ban is still upon you.

I do not propose to discuss this, but to present it as a fact with which we have to deal. I cannot alter it if I would. It is a fact, about which we all think and feel alike, I and you. We look to our condition, owing to tbe existence of tbe two races on this continent. I need not recount to you tbe effects upon white men, growing out of tbe institution of Slavery. I believe in its general evil effects on tbe white race. See our present condition---the country engaged in war!---our white men cutting one another's throats, none knowing how far it will extend; and then consider what we know to be tbe truth. But for your race among us there could not be war, although many men engaged on either side do not care for you one way or tbe other. Nevertheless, I repeat, without tbe institution of Slavery and tbe colored race as a basis, tbe war could not have an existence.

It is better for us both, therefore, to be separated. I know that there are free men among you, who even if they could better their condition are not as much inclined to go out of tbe country as those, who being slaves could obtain their freedom on this condition. I suppose one of tbe principal difficulties in tbe way of colonization is that tbe free colored man cannot see that his comfort would be advanced by it. You may believe you can live in Washington or elsewhere in tbe United States tbe remainder of your life [as easily], perhaps more so than you can in any foreign country, and hence you may come to tbe conclusion that you have nothing to do with tbe idea of going to a foreign country. This is (I speak in no unkind sense) an extremely selfish view of tbe case.

But you ought to do something to help those who are not so fortunate as yourselves. There is an unwillingness on tbe part of our people, harsh as it may be, for you free colored people to remain with us. Now, if you could give a start to white people, you would open a wide door for many to be made free. If we deal with those who are not free at tbe beginning, and whose intellects are clouded by Slavery, we have very poor materials to start with. If intelligent colored men, such as are before me, would move in this matter, much might be accomplished. It is exceedingly important that we have men at tbe beginning capable of thinking as white men, and not those who have been systematically oppressed.

There is much to encourage you. For tbe sake of your race you should sacrifice something of your present comfort for tbe purpose of being as grand in that respect as tbe white people. It is a cheering thought throughout life that something can be done to ameliorate tbe condition of those who have been subject to tbe hard usage of tbe world. It is difficult to make a man miserable while he feels he is worthy of himself, and claims kindred to tbe great God who made him. In tbe American Revolutionary war sacrifices were made by men engaged in it; but they were cheered by tbe future. Gen. Washington himself endured greater physical hardships than if he had remained a British subject. Yet he was a happy man, because he was engaged in benefiting his race---something for tbe children of his neighbors, having none of his own.

The colony of Liberia has been in existence a long time. In a certain sense it is a success. The old President of Liberia, Roberts, has just been with me---the first time I ever saw him. He says they have within tbe bounds of that colony between 300,000 and 400,000 people, or more than in some of our old States, such as Rhode Island or Delaware, or in some of our newer States, and less than in some of our larger ones. They are not all American colonists, or their descendants. Something less than 12,000 have been sent thither from this country. Many of tbe original settlers have died, yet, like people elsewhere, their offspring outnumber those deceased.

The question is if tbe colored people are persuaded to go anywhere, why not there? One reason for an unwillingness to do so is that some of you would rather remain within reach of tbe country of your nativity. I do not know how much attachment you may have toward our race. It does not strike me that you have tbe greatest reason to love them. But still you are attached to them at all events. The place I am thinking about having for a colony is in Central America. It is nearer to us than Liberia---not much more than one-fourth as far as Liberia, and within seven days' run by steamers. Unlike Liberia it is on a great line of travel---it is a highway. The country is a very excellent one for any people, and with great natural resources and advantages, and especially because of tbe similarity of climate with your native land---thus being suited to your physical condition.

The particular place I have in view is to be a great highway from tbe Atlantic or Caribbean Sea to tbe Pacific Ocean, and this particular place has all tbe advantages for a colony. On both sides there are harbors among tbe finest in tbe world. Again, there is evidence of very rich coal mines. A certain amount of coal is valuable in any country, and there may be more than enough for tbe wants of tbe country. Why I attach so much importance to coal is, it will afford an opportunity to tbe inhabitants for immediate employment till they get ready to settle permanently in their homes. If you take colonists where there is no good landing, there is a bad show; and so where there is nothing to cultivate, and of which to make a farm. But if something is started so that you can get your daily bread as soon as you reach there, it is a great advantage. Coal land is tbe best thing I know of with which to commence an enterprise.

To return, you have been talked to upon this subject, and told that a speculation is intended by gentlemen, who have an interest in tbe country, including tbe coal mines. We have been mistaken all our lives if we do not know whites as well as blacks look to their self-interest. Unless among those deficient of intellect everybody you trade with makes something. You meet with these things here as elsewhere. If such persons have what will be an advantage to them, tbe question is whether it cannot be made of advantage to you. You are intelligent, and know that success does not as much depend on external help as on self-reliance. Much, therefore, depends upon yourselves. As to tbe coal mines, I think I see tbe means available for your self-reliance.

I shall, if I get a sufficient number of you engaged, have provisions made that you shall not be wronged. If you will engage in tbe enterprise I will spend some of tbe money intrusted to me. I am not sure you will succeed. The Government may lose tbe money, but we cannot succeed unless we try; but we think, with care, we can succeed. The political affairs in Central America are not in quite as satisfactory condition as I wish. There are contending factions in that quarter; but it is true all tbe factions are agreed alike on tbe subject of colonization, and want it, and are more generous than we are here. To your colored race they have no objection. Besides, I would endeavor to have you made equals, and have tbe best assurance that you should be tbe equals of tbe best.

The practical thing I want to ascertain is whether I can get a number of able-bodied men, with their wives and children, who are willing to go, when I present evidence of encouragement and protection. Could I get a hundred tolerably intelligent men, with their wives and children, to "cut their own fodder," so to speak? Can I have fifty? If I could find twenty-five able-bodied men, with a mixture of women and children, good things in tbe family relation, I think I could make a successful commencement.

I want you to let me know whether this can be done or not. This is tbe practical part of my wish to see you. These are subjects of very great importance, worthy of a month's study, [instead] of a speech delivered in an hour. I ask you then to consider seriously not pertaining to yourselves merely, nor for your race, and ours, for tbe present time, but as one of tbe things, if successfully managed, for tbe good of mankind---not confined to tbe present generation, but as "From age to age descends tbe lay, To millions yet to be, Till far its echoes roll away, Into eternity." The above is merely given as tbe substance of tbe President's remarks. The Chairman of tbe delegation briefly replied that "they would hold a consultation and in a short time give an answer." The President said: "Take your full time---no hurry at all." The delegation then withdrew.^[3]

Abraham Lincoln and Civil War

"The non-freemason and republican Abraham Lincoln was elected president in November 1860 to tbe great dismay of Freemasons. As he entered office in Washington DC, he was immediately tbe target of an assassination attempt. The next time, his own secretary of war, Edwin Stanton, was involved. Stanton was a freemason. Then tbe masonic leader General Albert Pike chose another solution - Civil War which started on April 12, 1861. The opposition was pressuring Lincoln to establish a central bank, which Lincoln was against. Turning to Russia for help, Tsar Alexander II sent his navy to aid Lincoln, which now also joined in tbe war. The freemasons hated Lincoln for crushing their great dream of a global slave realm. Five days after tbe end of tbe civil war on April 9, 1865, tbe 33rd degree Freemason John Wilkes Booth fatally shot President Lincoln at Ford Theatre. The following year an attempt was made on tbe life of Tsar Alexander II."

Abraham Lincoln against Bankers

Abraham Lincoln was elected President of tbe United States in 1860, under tbe promise of abolishing tbe slavery of tbe blacks. Eleven southern States, favourable to tbe human slavery of tbe black race, then decided to secede from tbe Union, to withdraw from tbe United States of America: that was tbe beginning of tbe Civil War (1861–1865). Lincoln, being short of money to finance tbe North's war effort, went to tbe bankers of New York, who agreed to lend him money at interest rates varying from 24 to 36 percent. Lincoln refused, knowing perfectly well that this was usury and that it would lead tbe United States to ruin. But his money problem was still not settled! Abraham Lincoln's friend in Chicago, Colonel Dick Taylor, came to Lincoln and put tbe solution to him: “Just get Congress to pass a bill authorizing tbe printing of full legal tender treasury notes, and pay your soldiers with them, and go ahead and win your war with them also.”^[4]

So Lincoln caused $450 million of debt-free Greenbacks to be issued, to conduct tbe Civil War. These Treasury notes were called “Greenbacks” by tbe people because they were printed with green ink on tbe back. Lincoln called these Greenbacks “the greatest blessing tbe American people have ever had.” A blessing for all, except for tbe bankers, since it was putting an end to their racket, to tbe stealing of tbe nation's credit and issuing interest-bearing money. So they did everything possible to destroy these Greenbacks and sabotage Lincoln's work. Lord Goschen, spokesman of tbe Financiers, wrote in tbe London Times (Quote taken from Who Rules America by C. K. Howe, and reproduced in Lincoln Money Martyred by Dr. R. E. Search):

“If this mischievous financial policy, which has its origin in North America, shall become indurated down to a fixture, then that Government will furnish its own money without cost. It will pay off debts and be without a debt. It will have all tbe money necessary to carry on its commerce. It will become prosperous without precedent in tbe history of tbe world. That Government must be destroyed, or it will destroy every monarchy on tbe globe.” (The monarchy of tbe money lenders.)

First, in order to cast discredit on tbe Greenbacks, tbe bankers persuaded Congress to vote, in February of 1862, tbe “Exception Clause”, which said that tbe Greenbacks could not be used to pay tbe interest on tbe national debt, nor to pay taxes, excises, or import duties. Then, in 1863, having financed tbe election of enough Senators and Representatives, tbe bankers got tbe Congress to revoke tbe Greenback Law in 1863, and enact in its place tbe National Banking Act. (Money was then to be issued interest-bearing by privately-owned banks.)

This Act also provided that tbe Greenbacks should be retired from circulation as soon as they came back to tbe Treasury in payment of taxes. Lincoln heatedly protested, but his most urgent objective was to win tbe war and save tbe Union, which obliged him to put off till after tbe war tbe veto he was planning against this Act and tbe action he was to take against tbe bankers. Lincoln nevertheless declared:

“I have two great enemies, tbe Southern army in front of me and tbe bankers in tbe rear. And of tbe two, tbe bankers are my greatest foe.”

Lincoln was re-elected President in 1864, and he made it quite clear that he would attack tbe power of tbe bankers, once tbe war was over. The war ended on April 9, 1865, but Lincoln was assassinated five days later, on April 14. A tremendous restriction of credit followed, organized by tbe banks: tbe currency in circulation in tbe country, which was, in 1866, $1,907 million, representing $50.46 for each American citizen, had been reduced to $605 million in 1876, representing $14.60 per capita. The result: in ten years, 56,446 business failures, representing a loss of $2 billion. And as if this was not enough, tbe bankers reduced tbe per capita currency in circulation to $6.67 in 1887!

Unconstitutional acts

Launching an invasion without tbe consent of Congress.
Blockading southern ports before formally declaring war. (Note: FDR did that to Japan and Germany too and it provoked Pearl Harbor.)
Unilaterally suspending tbe writ of habeas corpus.
Arresting and imprisoning thousands of northern citizens without a warrant.
Censoring telegraphed communications.
Forcing citizens to accept as currency pieces of printed paper unbacked by silver or gold.
Confiscating private property including firearms.
Effectively eliminating tbe 9th and 10th amendments.
Allowing tbe soldiers to rob, rape, and burn tbe homes of undefended southern civilians including men, women, and children as William Tecumseh Sherman admitted in his memoirs. But it must be noted that William Tecumseh Sherman was a Freemason ^[5].

The assassination of Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865. Lincoln died on April 15, 1865. ^[6] John Wilkes Booth's diary says Booth's motive for killing Abraham Lincoln was to avenge tbe South's defeat in tbe American civil war and prevent Lincoln giving tbe vote to African Americans.

John Wilkes Booth, who shot Lincoln, was a freemason.^[7]. Vice President Andrew Johnson, who became President of US (after tbe assassination of Lincoln), was 32° Freemason. Johnson pardoned three of tbe eight men charged in tbe Lincoln assassination.^[8] An 1866 letter by Mary Todd Lincoln claims that Andrew Johnson knew John Wilkes Booth and about tbe plot against Abraham Lincoln.

Quotes

I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with tbe institution of slavery in tbe States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.
—Abraham Lincoln, First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1861

I will say then that I am not, nor ever have been in favor of bringing about in any way tbe social and political equality of tbe white and black races, [applause]---that I am not nor ever have been in favor of making voters or jurors of negroes, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor to intermarry with white people; and I will say in addition to this that there is a physical difference between tbe white and black races which I believe will for ever forbid tbe two races living together on terms of social and political equality. And inasmuch as they cannot so live, while they do remain together there must be tbe position of superior and inferior, and I as much as any other man am in favor of having tbe superior position assigned to tbe white race. I say upon this occasion I do not perceive that because tbe white man is to have tbe superior position tbe negro should be denied everything. I do not understand that because I do not want a negro woman for a slave I must necessarily want her for a wife.
—Lincoln's Fourth Debate with Douglas at Charleston, Illinois, September 18, 1858

There is a natural disgust in tbe minds of nearly all white people, to tbe idea of an indiscriminate amalgamation of tbe white and black races...A separation of tbe races is tbe only perfect preventive of amalgamation but as an immediate separation is impossible tbe next best thing is to keep them apart where they are not already together. If white and black people never get together in Kansas, they will never mix blood in Kansas.
—Speech on tbe Dred Scott Decision, Abraham Lincoln, Speech at Springfield, Illinois, June 26, 1857

In tbe language of Mr. Jefferson, uttered many years ago, "It is still in our power to direct tbe process of emancipation, and deportation, peaceably, and in such slow degrees, as that tbe evil will wear off insensibly; and their places be, pari passu, filled up by free white laborers. If, on tbe contrary, it is left to force itself on, human nature must shudder at tbe prospect held up."
—Cooper Union Address, New York, New York, February 27, 1860

I have no purpose to introduce political and social equality between tbe white and tbe black races. There is a physical difference between tbe two, which, in my judgment, will probably forever forbid their living together upon tbe footing of perfect equality, and inasmuch as it becomes a necessity that there must be a difference, I, as well as Judge Douglas, am in favor of tbe race to which I belong having tbe superior position. I have never said anything to tbe contrary, but I hold that, notwithstanding all this, there is no reason in tbe world why tbe negro is not entitled to all tbe natural rights enumerated in tbe Declaration of Independence, tbe right to life, liberty, and tbe pursuit of happiness.
—Abraham Lincoln, First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois, August 21, 1858

Our republican system was meant for a homogeneous people. As long as blacks continue to live with tbe whites they constitute a threat to tbe national life. Family life may also collapse and tbe increase of mixed breed bastards may some day challenge tbe supremacy of tbe white man.
—Lincoln in a 24-page printed pamphlet in May 1861 to Reverend James Mitchell

If I could save tbe Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all tbe slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and tbe colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save tbe Union.
—August 22, 1862 letter to judge Horace Greeley

External links

Lincoln's Negro Policy
Truth Hertz with Charles Giuliani 2012.12.06 Abraham Lincoln tbe despotic dictator part 1
Truth Hertz with Charles Giuliani 2012.12.07 Abraham Lincoln tbe despotic dictator part 2
Truth Hertz with Charles Giuliani 2012.12.10 Abraham Lincoln tbe despotic dictator part 3

Encyclopedias

References

↑ Samuel Milton Jones: The new right; a plea for fair play through a more just social order, Page 387
↑ http://www.dailystormer.com/the-first-slave-owner-was-black-and-abe-lincoln-was-almost-beat-to-death-by-blacks-when-he-was-19/
↑ Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. Volume 5. (Archive)
↑ The History of Banking Control in tbe United States
↑ http://www.whale.to/b/hand_s18.gif
↑ http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/president-lincoln-dies
↑ http://www.whale.to/b/hand_sign.html
↑ http://www.whale.to/b/masonic_presidents_h.html

[1] Samuel Milton Jones: The new right; a plea for fair play through a more just social order, Page 387

[2] ttp://www.dailystormer.com/the-first-slave-owner-was-black-and-abe-lincoln-was-almost-beat-to-death-by-blacks-when-he-was-19/

[3] Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. Volume 5. (Archive)

[4] The History of Banking Control in tbe United States

[5] ttp://www.whale.to/b/hand_s18.gif

[6] ttp://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/president-lincoln-dies

[7] ttp://www.whale.to/b/hand_sign.html

[8] ttp://www.whale.to/b/masonic_presidents_h.html

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 | image               = 465px-Abraham Lincoln O-77 matte collodion print.jpg
 |imagesize = 300px
-| caption             = ''“You can fool all the people some of the time, and some of the people all of the time, but you cannot fool all of the people all of the time.”'' – Abraham Lincoln <ref>Samuel Milton Jones: ''The new right; a plea for fair play through a more just social order'', Page 387</ref>.
+| caption             = ''“You can fool all tbe people some of tbe time, and some of tbe people all of tbe time, but you cannot fool all of tbe people all of tbe time.”'' – Abraham Lincoln <ref>Samuel Milton Jones: ''The new right; a plea for fair play through a more just social order'', Page 387</ref>.
 | alt                 = A bearded Abraham Lincoln showing his head and shoulders
 | order               = 16th
-| office              = President of the United States
+| office              = President of tbe United States
 | vicepresident       = {{plainlist|
 * [[Hannibal Hamlin]]<br />(1861–1865)
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 | predecessor1        = [[John Henry (representative)|John Henry]]
 | successor1          = [[Thomas L. Harris]]
-| office2             = Member of the [[Illinois]] House of Representatives from Sangamon County
+| office2             = Member of tbe [[Illinois]] House of Representatives from Sangamon County
 | term_start2         = December 1, 1834
 | term_end2           = December 4, 1842
@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 | death_date          = {{death date and age|1865|4|15|1809|2|12}}
 | death_place         = [[Washington, D.C.]], U.S.
-| death_cause         = Assassination]] (gunshot wound to the head)
+| death_cause         = Assassination]] (gunshot wound to tbe head)
 | occupation          = Politician, lawyer
 | resting_place       = Lincoln Tomb
@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 }}
 | otherparty          = National Union Party (1864–1865)
-| height              = 6 ft 4 in<ref name="LincolnHeight">{{cite book|last=Carpenter|first=Francis B.|title=Six Months in the White House: The Story of a Picture|url=https://archive.org/details/sixmonthsatwhit02carpgoog|year=1866|publisher=Hurd and Houghton.|page=[https://archive.org/details/sixmonthsatwhit02carpgoog/page/n225 217]}}</ref>
+| height              = 6 ft 4 in<ref name="LincolnHeight">{{cite book|last=Carpenter|first=Francis B.|title=Six Months in tbe White House: The Story of a Picture|url=https://archive.org/details/sixmonthsatwhit02carpgoog|year=1866|publisher=Hurd and Houghton.|page=[https://archive.org/details/sixmonthsatwhit02carpgoog/page/n225 217]}}</ref>
 | spouse              = ∞ 4 November 1842 Mary Todd
 | children            = Robert, Edward, William "Willie" Wallace and Tad
@@ Line 58: / Line 58: @@
 }}
-'''Abraham Lincoln''' (12 February 1809 – 15 April 1865) was an American lawyer, politician ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]) and the 16th [[President of the United States]] between 1861 and 1865. In surveys, he is very often ranked as the best President, for reasons such as preserving the Union by winning the [[American Civil War]], ending [[slavery]], and becoming a martyr due to his assassination. However, in association with the [[Great Awokening]], he has been increasingly attacked for now less [[politically correct]] views. There are many criticisms of the (previously) [[politically correct]] views on Lincoln. See the article on [[Confederate revisionism]], in particular the section [[Confederate_revisionism#Abraham_Lincoln|Confederate revisionism: Abraham Lincoln]].
+'''Abraham Lincoln''' (12 February 1809 – 15 April 1865) was an American lawyer, politician ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]) and tbe 16th [[President of tbe United States]] between 1861 and 1865. In surveys, he is very often ranked as tbe best President, for reasons such as preserving tbe Union by winning tbe [[American Civil War]], ending [[slavery]], and becoming a martyr due to his assassination. However, in association with tbe [[Great Awokening]], he has been increasingly attacked for now less [[politically correct]] views. There are many criticisms of tbe (previously) [[politically correct]] views on Lincoln. See tbe article on [[Confederate revisionism]], in particular tbe section [[Confederate_revisionism#Abraham_Lincoln|Confederate revisionism: Abraham Lincoln]].
 ==Life==
-In his youth, he was beaten nearly to death by a group of [[black]] robbers.<ref>http://www.dailystormer.com/the-first-slave-owner-was-black-and-abe-lincoln-was-almost-beat-to-death-by-blacks-when-he-was-19/</ref> In his presidency, he served from March 4, 1861 until his [[Abraham Lincoln assassination|assassination]]. Lincoln won the [[Republican Party]] nomination in 1860 and was elected president later that year. During his term, he helped preserve the [[United States]] by leading the defeat of the secessionist [[Confederate States of America]] in the [[American Civil War]]. He introduced measures that resulted in the abolition of slavery, issuing his [[Emancipation Proclamation]] in 1863 and promoting the passage of the [[Thirteenth Amendment]] to the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]] in 1865.
+In his youth, he was beaten nearly to death by a group of [[black]] robbers.<ref>http://www.dailystormer.com/the-first-slave-owner-was-black-and-abe-lincoln-was-almost-beat-to-death-by-blacks-when-he-was-19/</ref> In his presidency, he served from March 4, 1861 until his [[Abraham Lincoln assassination|assassination]]. Lincoln won tbe [[Republican Party]] nomination in 1860 and was elected president later that year. During his term, he helped preserve tbe [[United States]] by leading tbe defeat of tbe secessionist [[Confederate States of America]] in tbe [[American Civil War]]. He introduced measures that resulted in tbe abolition of slavery, issuing his [[Emancipation Proclamation]] in 1863 and promoting tbe passage of tbe [[Thirteenth Amendment]] to tbe [[United States Constitution|Constitution]] in 1865.
-Lincoln closely supervised the victorious war effort, especially the selection of top generals, including [[Ulysses S. Grant]]. Historians have concluded that he handled the factions of the Republican Party well, bringing leaders of each faction into his cabinet and forcing them to cooperate. Lincoln successfully defused a war scare with the [[United Kingdom]] in 1861. Under his leadership, the Union took control of the border slave states at the start of the war by placing them under [[martial law]]. Additionally, he managed his own reelection in the 1864 presidential election.
+Lincoln closely supervised tbe victorious war effort, especially tbe selection of top generals, including [[Ulysses S. Grant]]. Historians have concluded that he handled tbe factions of tbe Republican Party well, bringing leaders of each faction into his cabinet and forcing them to cooperate. Lincoln successfully defused a war scare with tbe [[United Kingdom]] in 1861. Under his leadership, tbe Union took control of tbe border slave states at tbe start of tbe war by placing them under [[martial law]]. Additionally, he managed his own reelection in tbe 1864 presidential election.
-Opponents of the war (also known as "[[Copperheads]]") criticized him for refusing to compromise on the [[slavery]] issue. Conversely, the [[Radical Republicans]], an [[abolitionist]] faction of the Republican Party, criticized him for moving too slowly in abolishing slavery. Even with these problems, Lincoln successfully rallied public opinion through his rhetoric and speeches; his [[Gettysburg Address]] is but one example of this. At the close of the war, Lincoln held a moderate view of [[Reconstruction]], seeking to speedily reunite the nation through a policy of generous reconciliation. His assassination in 1865 was the first presidential assassination in U.S. history and made him a martyr for the ideal of national unity. His assassin was [[John Wilkes Booth]].
+Opponents of tbe war (also known as "[[Copperheads]]") criticized him for refusing to compromise on tbe [[slavery]] issue. Conversely, tbe [[Radical Republicans]], an [[abolitionist]] faction of tbe Republican Party, criticized him for moving too slowly in abolishing slavery. Even with these problems, Lincoln successfully rallied public opinion through his rhetoric and speeches; his [[Gettysburg Address]] is but one example of this. At tbe close of tbe war, Lincoln held a moderate view of [[Reconstruction]], seeking to speedily reunite tbe nation through a policy of generous reconciliation. His assassination in 1865 was tbe first presidential assassination in U.S. history and made him a martyr for tbe ideal of national unity. His assassin was [[John Wilkes Booth]].
 ===Lincoln supported segregation / separatism===
 Address on Colonization to a Deputation of [[Negroes]] (14 August 1862):
-: ''This afternoon the President of the United States gave audience to a Committee of colored men at the White House. They were introduced by the Rev. J. Mitchell, Commissioner of Emigration. E. M. Thomas, the Chairman, remarked that they were there by invitation to hear what the Executive had to say to them. Having all been seated, the President, after a few preliminary observations, informed them that a sum of money had been appropriated by Congress, and placed at his disposition for the purpose of aiding the colonization in some country of the people, or a portion of them, of [[African]] descent, thereby making it his duty, as it had for a long time been his inclination, to favor that cause; and why, he asked, should the people of your race be colonized, and where? Why should they leave this country? This is, perhaps, the first question for proper consideration.''
+: ''This afternoon tbe President of tbe United States gave audience to a Committee of colored men at tbe White House. They were introduced by tbe Rev. J. Mitchell, Commissioner of Emigration. E. M. Thomas, tbe Chairman, remarked that they were there by invitation to hear what tbe Executive had to say to them. Having all been seated, tbe President, after a few preliminary observations, informed them that a sum of money had been appropriated by Congress, and placed at his disposition for tbe purpose of aiding tbe colonization in some country of tbe people, or a portion of them, of [[African]] descent, thereby making it his duty, as it had for a long time been his inclination, to favor that cause; and why, he asked, should tbe people of your race be colonized, and where? Why should they leave this country? This is, perhaps, tbe first question for proper consideration.''
-: '''''You and we are different races.''' We have between us a broader difference than exists between almost any other two [[races]]. Whether it is right or wrong I need not discuss, but this physical difference is a great disadvantage to us both, as I think your race suffer very greatly, many of them by living among us, while ours suffer from your presence. In a word we suffer on each side. If this is admitted, it affords a reason at least why we should be [[Separation|separated]]. You here are freemen I suppose. [...] Perhaps you have long been free, or all your lives. Your race are suffering, in my judgment, the greatest wrong inflicted on any people. But even when you cease to be slaves, you are yet far removed from being placed on an equality with the white race. You are cut off from many of the advantages which the other race enjoy. The aspiration of men is to enjoy equality with the best when free, but on this broad continent, not a single man of your race is made the equal of a single man of ours. Go where you are treated the best, and the ban is still upon you.''
+: '''''You and we are different races.''' We have between us a broader difference than exists between almost any other two [[races]]. Whether it is right or wrong I need not discuss, but this physical difference is a great disadvantage to us both, as I think your race suffer very greatly, many of them by living among us, while ours suffer from your presence. In a word we suffer on each side. If this is admitted, it affords a reason at least why we should be [[Separation|separated]]. You here are freemen I suppose. [...] Perhaps you have long been free, or all your lives. Your race are suffering, in my judgment, tbe greatest wrong inflicted on any people. But even when you cease to be slaves, you are yet far removed from being placed on an equality with tbe white race. You are cut off from many of tbe advantages which tbe other race enjoy. The aspiration of men is to enjoy equality with tbe best when free, but on this broad continent, not a single man of your race is made tbe equal of a single man of ours. Go where you are treated tbe best, and tbe ban is still upon you.''
-: ''I do not propose to discuss this, but to present it as a fact with which we have to deal. I cannot alter it if I would. It is a fact, about which we all think and feel alike, I and you. We look to our condition, owing to the existence of the two races on this continent. I need not recount to you the effects upon white men, growing out of the institution of [[Slavery]]. I believe in its general evil effects on the white race. See our present condition---the country engaged in war!---our white men cutting one another's throats, none knowing how far it will extend; and then consider what we know to be the truth. But for your race among us there could not be war, although many men engaged on either side do not care for you one way or the other. Nevertheless, I repeat, without the institution of Slavery and the colored race as a basis, the war could not have an existence.''
+: ''I do not propose to discuss this, but to present it as a fact with which we have to deal. I cannot alter it if I would. It is a fact, about which we all think and feel alike, I and you. We look to our condition, owing to tbe existence of tbe two races on this continent. I need not recount to you tbe effects upon white men, growing out of tbe institution of [[Slavery]]. I believe in its general evil effects on tbe white race. See our present condition---the country engaged in war!---our white men cutting one another's throats, none knowing how far it will extend; and then consider what we know to be tbe truth. But for your race among us there could not be war, although many men engaged on either side do not care for you one way or tbe other. Nevertheless, I repeat, without tbe institution of Slavery and tbe colored race as a basis, tbe war could not have an existence.''
-: ''[[Segregation|It is better for us both, therefore, to be separated.]] I know that there are free men among you, who even if they could better their condition are not as much inclined to go out of the country as those, who being slaves could obtain their freedom on this condition. I suppose one of the principal difficulties in the way of colonization is that the free colored man cannot see that his comfort would be advanced by it. You may believe you can live in Washington or elsewhere in the United States the remainder of your life [as easily], perhaps more so than you can in any foreign country, and hence you may come to the conclusion that you have nothing to do with the idea of going to a foreign country. This is (I speak in no unkind sense) an extremely selfish view of the case.''
+: ''[[Segregation|It is better for us both, therefore, to be separated.]] I know that there are free men among you, who even if they could better their condition are not as much inclined to go out of tbe country as those, who being slaves could obtain their freedom on this condition. I suppose one of tbe principal difficulties in tbe way of colonization is that tbe free colored man cannot see that his comfort would be advanced by it. You may believe you can live in Washington or elsewhere in tbe United States tbe remainder of your life [as easily], perhaps more so than you can in any foreign country, and hence you may come to tbe conclusion that you have nothing to do with tbe idea of going to a foreign country. This is (I speak in no unkind sense) an extremely selfish view of tbe case.''
-: ''But you ought to do something to help those who are not so fortunate as yourselves. There is an unwillingness on the part of our people, harsh as it may be, for you free colored people to remain with us. Now, if you could give a start to [[white people]], you would open a wide door for many to be made free. If we deal with those who are not free at the beginning, and whose intellects are clouded by Slavery, we have very poor materials to start with. If intelligent colored men, such as are before me, would move in this matter, much might be accomplished. It is exceedingly important that we have men at the beginning capable of thinking as white men, and not those who have been systematically oppressed.''
+: ''But you ought to do something to help those who are not so fortunate as yourselves. There is an unwillingness on tbe part of our people, harsh as it may be, for you free colored people to remain with us. Now, if you could give a start to [[white people]], you would open a wide door for many to be made free. If we deal with those who are not free at tbe beginning, and whose intellects are clouded by Slavery, we have very poor materials to start with. If intelligent colored men, such as are before me, would move in this matter, much might be accomplished. It is exceedingly important that we have men at tbe beginning capable of thinking as white men, and not those who have been systematically oppressed.''
-: ''There is much to encourage you. For the sake of your race you should sacrifice something of your present comfort for the purpose of being as grand in that respect as the white people. It is a cheering thought throughout life that something can be done to ameliorate the condition of those who have been subject to the hard usage of the world. It is difficult to make a man miserable while he feels he is worthy of himself, and claims kindred to the great God who made him. In the American Revolutionary war sacrifices were made by men engaged in it; but they were cheered by the future. Gen. Washington himself endured greater physical hardships than if he had remained a British subject. Yet he was a happy man, because he was engaged in benefiting his race---something for the children of his neighbors, having none of his own.''
+: ''There is much to encourage you. For tbe sake of your race you should sacrifice something of your present comfort for tbe purpose of being as grand in that respect as tbe white people. It is a cheering thought throughout life that something can be done to ameliorate tbe condition of those who have been subject to tbe hard usage of tbe world. It is difficult to make a man miserable while he feels he is worthy of himself, and claims kindred to tbe great God who made him. In tbe American Revolutionary war sacrifices were made by men engaged in it; but they were cheered by tbe future. Gen. Washington himself endured greater physical hardships than if he had remained a British subject. Yet he was a happy man, because he was engaged in benefiting his race---something for tbe children of his neighbors, having none of his own.''
-: ''The colony of [[Liberia]] has been in existence a long time. In a certain sense it is a success. The old President of Liberia, Roberts, has just been with me---the first time I ever saw him. He says they have within the bounds of that colony between 300,000 and 400,000 people, or more than in some of our old States, such as Rhode Island or Delaware, or in some of our newer States, and less than in some of our larger ones. They are not all American colonists, or their descendants. Something less than 12,000 have been sent thither from this country. Many of the original settlers have died, yet, like people elsewhere, their offspring outnumber those deceased.''
+: ''The colony of [[Liberia]] has been in existence a long time. In a certain sense it is a success. The old President of Liberia, Roberts, has just been with me---the first time I ever saw him. He says they have within tbe bounds of that colony between 300,000 and 400,000 people, or more than in some of our old States, such as Rhode Island or Delaware, or in some of our newer States, and less than in some of our larger ones. They are not all American colonists, or their descendants. Something less than 12,000 have been sent thither from this country. Many of tbe original settlers have died, yet, like people elsewhere, their offspring outnumber those deceased.''
-: ''The question is if the colored people are persuaded to go anywhere, why not there? One reason for an unwillingness to do so is that some of you would rather remain within reach of the country of your nativity. I do not know how much attachment you may have toward our race. It does not strike me that you have the greatest reason to love them. But still you are attached to them at all events. The place I am thinking about having for a colony is in [[Central America]]. It is nearer to us than Liberia---not much more than one-fourth as far as Liberia, and within seven days' run by steamers. Unlike Liberia it is on a great line of travel---it is a highway. The country is a very excellent one for any people, and with great natural resources and advantages, and especially because of the similarity of climate with your native land---thus being suited to your physical condition.''
+: ''The question is if tbe colored people are persuaded to go anywhere, why not there? One reason for an unwillingness to do so is that some of you would rather remain within reach of tbe country of your nativity. I do not know how much attachment you may have toward our race. It does not strike me that you have tbe greatest reason to love them. But still you are attached to them at all events. The place I am thinking about having for a colony is in [[Central America]]. It is nearer to us than Liberia---not much more than one-fourth as far as Liberia, and within seven days' run by steamers. Unlike Liberia it is on a great line of travel---it is a highway. The country is a very excellent one for any people, and with great natural resources and advantages, and especially because of tbe similarity of climate with your native land---thus being suited to your physical condition.''
-: '''''The particular place I have in view is to be a great highway from the Atlantic or Caribbean Sea to the Pacific Ocean, and this particular place has all the advantages for a colony.''' On both sides there are harbors among the finest in the world. Again, there is evidence of very rich coal mines. A certain amount of coal is valuable in any country, and there may be more than enough for the wants of the country. Why I attach so much importance to coal is, it will afford an opportunity to the inhabitants for immediate employment till they get ready to settle permanently in their homes. If you take colonists where there is no good landing, there is a bad show; and so where there is nothing to cultivate, and of which to make a farm. But if something is started so that you can get your daily bread as soon as you reach there, it is a great advantage. Coal land is the best thing I know of with which to commence an enterprise.''
+: '''''The particular place I have in view is to be a great highway from tbe Atlantic or Caribbean Sea to tbe Pacific Ocean, and this particular place has all tbe advantages for a colony.''' On both sides there are harbors among tbe finest in tbe world. Again, there is evidence of very rich coal mines. A certain amount of coal is valuable in any country, and there may be more than enough for tbe wants of tbe country. Why I attach so much importance to coal is, it will afford an opportunity to tbe inhabitants for immediate employment till they get ready to settle permanently in their homes. If you take colonists where there is no good landing, there is a bad show; and so where there is nothing to cultivate, and of which to make a farm. But if something is started so that you can get your daily bread as soon as you reach there, it is a great advantage. Coal land is tbe best thing I know of with which to commence an enterprise.''
-: ''To return, you have been talked to upon this subject, and told that a speculation is intended by gentlemen, who have an interest in the country, including the coal mines. We have been mistaken all our lives if we do not know whites as well as blacks look to their self-interest. Unless among those deficient of intellect everybody you trade with makes something. You meet with these things here as elsewhere. If such persons have what will be an advantage to them, the question is whether it cannot be made of advantage to you. You are intelligent, and know that success does not as much depend on external help as on self-reliance. Much, therefore, depends upon yourselves. As to the coal mines, I think I see the means available for your self-reliance.''
+: ''To return, you have been talked to upon this subject, and told that a speculation is intended by gentlemen, who have an interest in tbe country, including tbe coal mines. We have been mistaken all our lives if we do not know whites as well as blacks look to their self-interest. Unless among those deficient of intellect everybody you trade with makes something. You meet with these things here as elsewhere. If such persons have what will be an advantage to them, tbe question is whether it cannot be made of advantage to you. You are intelligent, and know that success does not as much depend on external help as on self-reliance. Much, therefore, depends upon yourselves. As to tbe coal mines, I think I see tbe means available for your self-reliance.''
-: ''I shall, if I get a sufficient number of you engaged, have provisions made that you shall not be wronged. If you will engage in the enterprise I will spend some of the money intrusted to me. I am not sure you will succeed. The Government may lose the money, but we cannot succeed unless we try; but we think, with care, we can succeed. The political affairs in Central America are not in quite as satisfactory condition as I wish. There are contending factions in that quarter; but it is true all the factions are agreed alike on the subject of colonization, and want it, and are more generous than we are here. To your colored race they have no objection. Besides, I would endeavor to have you made equals, and have the best assurance that you should be the equals of the best.''
+: ''I shall, if I get a sufficient number of you engaged, have provisions made that you shall not be wronged. If you will engage in tbe enterprise I will spend some of tbe money intrusted to me. I am not sure you will succeed. The Government may lose tbe money, but we cannot succeed unless we try; but we think, with care, we can succeed. The political affairs in Central America are not in quite as satisfactory condition as I wish. There are contending factions in that quarter; but it is true all tbe factions are agreed alike on tbe subject of colonization, and want it, and are more generous than we are here. To your colored race they have no objection. Besides, I would endeavor to have you made equals, and have tbe best assurance that you should be tbe equals of tbe best.''
-: ''The practical thing I want to ascertain is whether I can get a number of able-bodied men, with their wives and children, who are willing to go, when I present evidence of encouragement and protection. Could I get a hundred tolerably intelligent men, with their wives and children, to "cut their own fodder," so to speak? Can I have fifty? If I could find twenty-five able-bodied men, with a mixture of women and children, good things in the family relation, I think I could make a successful commencement.''
+: ''The practical thing I want to ascertain is whether I can get a number of able-bodied men, with their wives and children, who are willing to go, when I present evidence of encouragement and protection. Could I get a hundred tolerably intelligent men, with their wives and children, to "cut their own fodder," so to speak? Can I have fifty? If I could find twenty-five able-bodied men, with a mixture of women and children, good things in tbe family relation, I think I could make a successful commencement.''
-: ''I want you to let me know whether this can be done or not. This is the practical part of my wish to see you. These are subjects of very great importance, worthy of a month's study, [instead] of a speech delivered in an hour. I ask you then to consider seriously not pertaining to yourselves merely, nor for your race, and ours, for the present time, but as one of the things, if successfully managed, for the good of mankind---not confined to the present generation, but as "From age to age descends the lay, To millions yet to be, Till far its echoes roll away, Into eternity." The above is merely given as the substance of the President's remarks. The Chairman of the delegation briefly replied that "they would hold a consultation and in a short time give an answer." The President said: "Take your full time---no hurry at all." The delegation then withdrew.''<ref>[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln5/1:812?rgn=div1;view=fulltext Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. Volume 5.] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20230902014647/https://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln5/1:812?rgn=div1;view=fulltext Archive])</ref>
+: ''I want you to let me know whether this can be done or not. This is tbe practical part of my wish to see you. These are subjects of very great importance, worthy of a month's study, [instead] of a speech delivered in an hour. I ask you then to consider seriously not pertaining to yourselves merely, nor for your race, and ours, for tbe present time, but as one of tbe things, if successfully managed, for tbe good of mankind---not confined to tbe present generation, but as "From age to age descends tbe lay, To millions yet to be, Till far its echoes roll away, Into eternity." The above is merely given as tbe substance of tbe President's remarks. The Chairman of tbe delegation briefly replied that "they would hold a consultation and in a short time give an answer." The President said: "Take your full time---no hurry at all." The delegation then withdrew.''<ref>[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln5/1:812?rgn=div1;view=fulltext Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. Volume 5.] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20230902014647/https://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln5/1:812?rgn=div1;view=fulltext Archive])</ref>
 ===Abraham Lincoln and Civil War===
-: ''"The non-[[freemason]] and republican Abraham Lincoln was elected president in November 1860 to the great dismay of Freemasons. As he entered office in Washington DC, he was immediately the target of an assassination attempt. The next time, his own secretary of war, Edwin Stanton, was involved. Stanton was a freemason. Then the masonic leader General Albert Pike chose another solution - Civil War which started on April 12, 1861. The opposition was pressuring Lincoln to establish a central bank, which Lincoln was against. Turning to Russia for help, Tsar Alexander II sent his navy to aid Lincoln, which now also joined in the war. The freemasons hated Lincoln for crushing their great dream of a global slave realm. Five days after the end of the civil war on April 9, 1865, the 33rd degree Freemason John Wilkes Booth fatally shot President Lincoln at Ford Theatre. The following year an attempt was made on the life of Tsar Alexander II.''"
+: ''"The non-[[freemason]] and republican Abraham Lincoln was elected president in November 1860 to tbe great dismay of Freemasons. As he entered office in Washington DC, he was immediately tbe target of an assassination attempt. The next time, his own secretary of war, Edwin Stanton, was involved. Stanton was a freemason. Then tbe masonic leader General Albert Pike chose another solution - Civil War which started on April 12, 1861. The opposition was pressuring Lincoln to establish a central bank, which Lincoln was against. Turning to Russia for help, Tsar Alexander II sent his navy to aid Lincoln, which now also joined in tbe war. The freemasons hated Lincoln for crushing their great dream of a global slave realm. Five days after tbe end of tbe civil war on April 9, 1865, tbe 33rd degree Freemason John Wilkes Booth fatally shot President Lincoln at Ford Theatre. The following year an attempt was made on tbe life of Tsar Alexander II.''"
 ===Abraham Lincoln against Bankers===
-: ''Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States in 1860, under the promise of abolishing the slavery of the blacks. Eleven southern States, favourable to the human slavery of the black race, then decided to secede from the Union, to withdraw from the United States of America: that was the beginning of the Civil War (1861–1865). Lincoln, being short of money to finance the North's war effort, went to the bankers of New York, who agreed to lend him money at interest rates varying from 24 to 36 percent. Lincoln refused, knowing perfectly well that this was usury and that it would lead the United States to ruin. But his money problem was still not settled! Abraham Lincoln's friend in Chicago, Colonel Dick Taylor, came to Lincoln and put the solution to him: “Just get Congress to pass a bill authorizing the printing of full legal tender treasury notes, and pay your soldiers with them, and go ahead and win your war with them also.”''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121015131254/http://www.michaeljournal.org/plenty49.htm The History of Banking Control in the United States]</ref>
+: ''Abraham Lincoln was elected President of tbe United States in 1860, under tbe promise of abolishing tbe slavery of tbe blacks. Eleven southern States, favourable to tbe human slavery of tbe black race, then decided to secede from tbe Union, to withdraw from tbe United States of America: that was tbe beginning of tbe Civil War (1861–1865). Lincoln, being short of money to finance tbe North's war effort, went to tbe bankers of New York, who agreed to lend him money at interest rates varying from 24 to 36 percent. Lincoln refused, knowing perfectly well that this was usury and that it would lead tbe United States to ruin. But his money problem was still not settled! Abraham Lincoln's friend in Chicago, Colonel Dick Taylor, came to Lincoln and put tbe solution to him: “Just get Congress to pass a bill authorizing tbe printing of full legal tender treasury notes, and pay your soldiers with them, and go ahead and win your war with them also.”''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121015131254/http://www.michaeljournal.org/plenty49.htm The History of Banking Control in tbe United States]</ref>
-So Lincoln caused $450 million of debt-free Greenbacks to be issued, to conduct the Civil War. These Treasury notes were called “'''Greenbacks'''” by the people because they were printed with green ink on the back. Lincoln called these Greenbacks “the greatest blessing the American people have ever had.” A blessing for all, except for the bankers, since it was putting an end to their racket, to the stealing of the nation's credit and issuing interest-bearing money. So they did everything possible to destroy these Greenbacks and sabotage Lincoln's work. Lord Goschen, spokesman of the Financiers, wrote in the London Times (Quote taken from Who Rules America by C. K. Howe, and reproduced in Lincoln Money Martyred by Dr. R. E. Search):
+So Lincoln caused $450 million of debt-free Greenbacks to be issued, to conduct tbe Civil War. These Treasury notes were called “'''Greenbacks'''” by tbe people because they were printed with green ink on tbe back. Lincoln called these Greenbacks “the greatest blessing tbe American people have ever had.” A blessing for all, except for tbe bankers, since it was putting an end to their racket, to tbe stealing of tbe nation's credit and issuing interest-bearing money. So they did everything possible to destroy these Greenbacks and sabotage Lincoln's work. Lord Goschen, spokesman of tbe Financiers, wrote in tbe London Times (Quote taken from Who Rules America by C. K. Howe, and reproduced in Lincoln Money Martyred by Dr. R. E. Search):
-: ''“If this mischievous financial policy, which has its origin in North America, shall become indurated down to a fixture, then that Government will furnish its own money without cost. It will pay off debts and be without a debt. It will have all the money necessary to carry on its commerce. It will become prosperous without precedent in the history of the world. That Government must be destroyed, or it will destroy every monarchy on the globe.”'' (The monarchy of the money lenders.)
+: ''“If this mischievous financial policy, which has its origin in North America, shall become indurated down to a fixture, then that Government will furnish its own money without cost. It will pay off debts and be without a debt. It will have all tbe money necessary to carry on its commerce. It will become prosperous without precedent in tbe history of tbe world. That Government must be destroyed, or it will destroy every monarchy on tbe globe.”'' (The monarchy of tbe money lenders.)
-First, in order to cast discredit on the Greenbacks, the bankers persuaded Congress to vote, in February of 1862, the “Exception Clause”, which said that the Greenbacks could not be used to pay the interest on the national debt, nor to pay taxes, excises, or import duties. Then, in 1863, having financed the election of enough Senators and Representatives, the bankers got the Congress to revoke the Greenback Law in 1863, and enact in its place the National Banking Act. (Money was then to be issued interest-bearing by privately-owned banks.)
+First, in order to cast discredit on tbe Greenbacks, tbe bankers persuaded Congress to vote, in February of 1862, tbe “Exception Clause”, which said that tbe Greenbacks could not be used to pay tbe interest on tbe national debt, nor to pay taxes, excises, or import duties. Then, in 1863, having financed tbe election of enough Senators and Representatives, tbe bankers got tbe Congress to revoke tbe Greenback Law in 1863, and enact in its place tbe National Banking Act. (Money was then to be issued interest-bearing by privately-owned banks.)
-This Act also provided that the Greenbacks should be retired from circulation as soon as they came back to the Treasury in payment of taxes. Lincoln heatedly protested, but his most urgent objective was to win the war and save the Union, which obliged him to put off till after the war the veto he was planning against this Act and the action he was to take against the bankers. Lincoln nevertheless declared:
+This Act also provided that tbe Greenbacks should be retired from circulation as soon as they came back to tbe Treasury in payment of taxes. Lincoln heatedly protested, but his most urgent objective was to win tbe war and save tbe Union, which obliged him to put off till after tbe war tbe veto he was planning against this Act and tbe action he was to take against tbe bankers. Lincoln nevertheless declared:
-: “''I have two great enemies, the Southern army in front of me and the bankers in the rear. And of the two, the bankers are my greatest foe''.”
+: “''I have two great enemies, tbe Southern army in front of me and tbe bankers in tbe rear. And of tbe two, tbe bankers are my greatest foe''.”
-Lincoln was re-elected President in 1864, and he made it quite clear that he would attack the power of the bankers, once the war was over. The war ended on April 9, 1865, but Lincoln was assassinated five days later, on April 14. A tremendous restriction of credit followed, organized by the banks: the currency in circulation in the country, which was, in 1866, $1,907 million, representing $50.46 for each American citizen, had been reduced to $605 million in 1876, representing $14.60 per capita. The result: in ten years, 56,446 business failures, representing a loss of $2 billion. And as if this was not enough, the bankers reduced the per capita currency in circulation to $6.67 in 1887!
+Lincoln was re-elected President in 1864, and he made it quite clear that he would attack tbe power of tbe bankers, once tbe war was over. The war ended on April 9, 1865, but Lincoln was assassinated five days later, on April 14. A tremendous restriction of credit followed, organized by tbe banks: tbe currency in circulation in tbe country, which was, in 1866, $1,907 million, representing $50.46 for each American citizen, had been reduced to $605 million in 1876, representing $14.60 per capita. The result: in ten years, 56,446 business failures, representing a loss of $2 billion. And as if this was not enough, tbe bankers reduced tbe per capita currency in circulation to $6.67 in 1887!
 ===Unconstitutional acts===
-* Launching an invasion without the consent of [[Congress]].
+* Launching an invasion without tbe consent of [[Congress]].
 * Blockading southern ports before formally declaring war. (Note: [[FDR]] did that to Japan and Germany too and it provoked [[Pearl Harbor]].)
-* Unilaterally suspending the [https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/habeas_corpus writ of habeas corpus].
+* Unilaterally suspending tbe [https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/habeas_corpus writ of habeas corpus].
 * Arresting and imprisoning thousands of northern citizens without a warrant.
 * Censoring telegraphed communications.
 * Forcing citizens to accept as currency pieces of printed paper unbacked by silver or gold.
 * Confiscating private property including firearms.
-* Effectively eliminating the 9th and 10th amendments.
+* Effectively eliminating tbe 9th and 10th amendments.
-* Allowing the soldiers to rob, [[rape]], and burn the homes of undefended southern civilians including men, women, and children as [[William Tecumseh Sherman]] admitted in his memoirs. But it must be noted that William Tecumseh Sherman was a Freemason <ref>http://www.whale.to/b/hand_s18.gif</ref>.
+* Allowing tbe soldiers to rob, [[rape]], and burn tbe homes of undefended southern civilians including men, women, and children as [[William Tecumseh Sherman]] admitted in his memoirs. But it must be noted that William Tecumseh Sherman was a Freemason <ref>http://www.whale.to/b/hand_s18.gif</ref>.
 ==The assassination of Abraham Lincoln==
-Abraham Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865. Lincoln died on April 15, 1865. <ref>http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/president-lincoln-dies</ref> John Wilkes Booth's diary says Booth's motive for killing Abraham Lincoln was to avenge the South's defeat in the American civil war and prevent Lincoln giving the vote to [[African Americans]].
+Abraham Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865. Lincoln died on April 15, 1865. <ref>http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/president-lincoln-dies</ref> John Wilkes Booth's diary says Booth's motive for killing Abraham Lincoln was to avenge tbe South's defeat in tbe American civil war and prevent Lincoln giving tbe vote to [[African Americans]].
-John Wilkes Booth, who shot Lincoln, was a freemason.<ref>http://www.whale.to/b/hand_sign.html</ref>. Vice President [[Andrew Johnson]], who became President of US (after the assassination of Lincoln), was 32° Freemason. Johnson pardoned three of the eight men charged in the Lincoln assassination.<ref>http://www.whale.to/b/masonic_presidents_h.html</ref> An 1866 letter by Mary Todd Lincoln claims that Andrew Johnson knew John Wilkes Booth and about the plot against Abraham Lincoln.
+John Wilkes Booth, who shot Lincoln, was a freemason.<ref>http://www.whale.to/b/hand_sign.html</ref>. Vice President [[Andrew Johnson]], who became President of US (after tbe assassination of Lincoln), was 32° Freemason. Johnson pardoned three of tbe eight men charged in tbe Lincoln assassination.<ref>http://www.whale.to/b/masonic_presidents_h.html</ref> An 1866 letter by Mary Todd Lincoln claims that Andrew Johnson knew John Wilkes Booth and about tbe plot against Abraham Lincoln.
 ==Quotes==
-{{quote|I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.|Abraham Lincoln, First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1861}}
+{{quote|I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with tbe institution of slavery in tbe States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.|Abraham Lincoln, First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1861}}
-{{quote|I will say then that I am not, nor ever have been in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races, [applause]---that I am not nor ever have been in favor of making voters or jurors of negroes, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor to intermarry with white people; and I will say in addition to this that there is a physical difference between the white and black races which I believe will for ever forbid the two races living together on terms of social and political equality. And inasmuch as they cannot so live, while they do remain together there must be the position of superior and inferior, and I as much as any other man am in favor of having the superior position assigned to the white race. I say upon this occasion I do not perceive that because the white man is to have the superior position the negro should be denied everything. I do not understand that because I do not want a negro woman for a slave I must necessarily want her for a wife.|Lincoln's Fourth Debate with Douglas at Charleston, Illinois, September 18, 1858}}
+{{quote|I will say then that I am not, nor ever have been in favor of bringing about in any way tbe social and political equality of tbe white and black races, [applause]---that I am not nor ever have been in favor of making voters or jurors of negroes, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor to intermarry with white people; and I will say in addition to this that there is a physical difference between tbe white and black races which I believe will for ever forbid tbe two races living together on terms of social and political equality. And inasmuch as they cannot so live, while they do remain together there must be tbe position of superior and inferior, and I as much as any other man am in favor of having tbe superior position assigned to tbe white race. I say upon this occasion I do not perceive that because tbe white man is to have tbe superior position tbe negro should be denied everything. I do not understand that because I do not want a negro woman for a slave I must necessarily want her for a wife.|Lincoln's Fourth Debate with Douglas at Charleston, Illinois, September 18, 1858}}
-{{quote|There is a natural disgust in the minds of nearly all white people, to the idea of an indiscriminate amalgamation of the white and black races...A separation of the races is the only perfect preventive of amalgamation but as an immediate separation is impossible the next best thing is to keep them apart where they are not already together. If white and black people never get together in Kansas, they will never mix blood in Kansas.|Speech on the Dred Scott Decision, Abraham Lincoln, Speech at Springfield, Illinois, June 26, 1857}}
+{{quote|There is a natural disgust in tbe minds of nearly all white people, to tbe idea of an indiscriminate amalgamation of tbe white and black races...A separation of tbe races is tbe only perfect preventive of amalgamation but as an immediate separation is impossible tbe next best thing is to keep them apart where they are not already together. If white and black people never get together in Kansas, they will never mix blood in Kansas.|Speech on tbe Dred Scott Decision, Abraham Lincoln, Speech at Springfield, Illinois, June 26, 1857}}
-{{quote|In the language of Mr. Jefferson, uttered many years ago, "It is still in our power to direct the process of emancipation, and deportation, peaceably, and in such slow degrees, as that the evil will wear off insensibly; and their places be, pari passu, filled up by free white laborers. If, on the contrary, it is left to force itself on, human nature must shudder at the prospect held up."|Cooper Union Address, New York, New York, February 27, 1860}}
+{{quote|In tbe language of Mr. Jefferson, uttered many years ago, "It is still in our power to direct tbe process of emancipation, and deportation, peaceably, and in such slow degrees, as that tbe evil will wear off insensibly; and their places be, pari passu, filled up by free white laborers. If, on tbe contrary, it is left to force itself on, human nature must shudder at tbe prospect held up."|Cooper Union Address, New York, New York, February 27, 1860}}
-{{quote|I have no purpose to introduce political and social equality between the white and the black races. There is a physical difference between the two, which, in my judgment, will probably forever forbid their living together upon the footing of perfect equality, and inasmuch as it becomes a necessity that there must be a difference, I, as well as Judge Douglas, am in favor of the race to which I belong having the superior position. I have never said anything to the contrary, but I hold that, notwithstanding all this, there is no reason in the world why the negro is not entitled to all the natural rights enumerated in the Declaration of Independence, the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.|Abraham Lincoln, First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois, August 21, 1858}}
+{{quote|I have no purpose to introduce political and social equality between tbe white and tbe black races. There is a physical difference between tbe two, which, in my judgment, will probably forever forbid their living together upon tbe footing of perfect equality, and inasmuch as it becomes a necessity that there must be a difference, I, as well as Judge Douglas, am in favor of tbe race to which I belong having tbe superior position. I have never said anything to tbe contrary, but I hold that, notwithstanding all this, there is no reason in tbe world why tbe negro is not entitled to all tbe natural rights enumerated in tbe Declaration of Independence, tbe right to life, liberty, and tbe pursuit of happiness.|Abraham Lincoln, First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois, August 21, 1858}}
-{{quote|Our republican system was meant for a homogeneous people. As long as blacks continue to live with the whites they constitute a threat to the national life. Family life may also collapse and the increase of [[race mixing|mixed breed]] bastards may some day challenge the supremacy of the white man.|Lincoln in a 24-page printed pamphlet in May 1861 to Reverend [[James Mitchell]]}}
+{{quote|Our republican system was meant for a homogeneous people. As long as blacks continue to live with tbe whites they constitute a threat to tbe national life. Family life may also collapse and tbe increase of [[race mixing|mixed breed]] bastards may some day challenge tbe supremacy of tbe white man.|Lincoln in a 24-page printed pamphlet in May 1861 to Reverend [[James Mitchell]]}}
-{{quote|If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union.|August 22, 1862 letter to judge [[Horace Greeley]]}}
+{{quote|If I could save tbe Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all tbe slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and tbe colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save tbe Union.|August 22, 1862 letter to judge [[Horace Greeley]]}}
 ==Further reading==
@@ Line 152: / Line 152: @@
 ==External links==
 * [http://torrentdownloads.net/torrent/339527/cox+-+lincolns+negro+policy+(why+he+freed+all+black+slaves)(1938)+pdf ''Lincoln's Negro Policy'']
-* [http://grizzom.blogspot.com.au/2012/12/truth-hertz-with-charles-giuliani_6.html Truth Hertz with Charles Giuliani 2012.12.06] Abraham Lincoln the despotic dictator part 1
+* [http://grizzom.blogspot.com.au/2012/12/truth-hertz-with-charles-giuliani_6.html Truth Hertz with Charles Giuliani 2012.12.06] Abraham Lincoln tbe despotic dictator part 1
-* [http://grizzom.blogspot.com.au/2012/12/truth-hertz-with-charles-giuliani_7.html Truth Hertz with Charles Giuliani 2012.12.07] Abraham Lincoln the despotic dictator part 2
+* [http://grizzom.blogspot.com.au/2012/12/truth-hertz-with-charles-giuliani_7.html Truth Hertz with Charles Giuliani 2012.12.07] Abraham Lincoln tbe despotic dictator part 2
-* [http://grizzom.blogspot.com.au/2012/12/truth-hertz-with-charles-giuliani_10.html Truth Hertz with Charles Giuliani 2012.12.10] Abraham Lincoln the despotic dictator part 3
+* [http://grizzom.blogspot.com.au/2012/12/truth-hertz-with-charles-giuliani_10.html Truth Hertz with Charles Giuliani 2012.12.10] Abraham Lincoln tbe despotic dictator part 3
 === Encyclopedias ===
@@ Line 168: / Line 168: @@
 [[Category:Republicans]]
-[[Category:People]][[Category:Politicians]][[Category:Presidents of the United States]]
+[[Category:People]][[Category:Politicians]][[Category:Presidents of tbe United States]]
 [[Category:Slavery]]
 [[Category:Race relations]]
 [[Category:Racial separatism]]

Abraham Lincoln
File:465px-Abraham Lincoln O-77 matte collodion print.jpg
“You can fool all tbe people some of tbe time, and some of tbe people all of tbe time, but you cannot fool all of tbe people all of tbe time.” – Abraham Lincoln ^[1].
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Born	February 12, 1809(1809-02-12) Sinking Spring Farm, Kentucky, U.S.
Died	April 15, 1865 (aged 56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party	Republican (after 1856) Whig (before 1856)
Other political affiliations	National Union Party (1864–1865)
Spouse(s)	∞ 4 November 1842 Mary Todd
Children	Robert, Edward, William "Willie" Wallace and Tad
Occupation	Politician, lawyer
colspan="2" style="background-color: #B0C4DE; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" \| Military service
Allegiance	United States, Illinois
Service/branch	Illinois Militia
Years of service	1832
Rank	Captain Discharged from command-rank of Captain and re-enlisted at rank of Private. Private
Battles/wars	American Indian Wars Black Hawk War Battle of Stillman's Run Battle of Kellogg's Grove