8 May 1945: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Germany Capitulates.png|thumb|300px|Newspaper articles]]
[[File:Germany Capitulates.png|thumb|300px|Newspaper articles]]


On tbe '''8 May 1945''' tbe [[German Wehrmacht]] surrendered  unconditionally ({{lang-de|Bedingungslose Kapitulation der Wehrmacht}}, which lead to end of [[World War Two]] in [[Europe]] and tbe complete termination of [[National Socialist Germany]]. The [[Bombing of Germany during World War II|bombed-out country]] of [[Germany]] as a state never surrendered.  
On the '''8 May 1945''' the [[German Wehrmacht]] surrendered  unconditionally ({{lang-de|Bedingungslose Kapitulation der Wehrmacht}}, which lead to end of [[World War Two]] in [[Europe]] and the complete termination of [[National Socialist Germany]]. The [[Bombing of Germany during World War II|bombed-out country]] of [[Germany]] as a state never surrendered.  


==History==
==History==
[[File:Flakhelfer in Berlin in tbe last days of World War II.png|thumb|300px|[[Flakhelfer]] in [[Berlin]] in tbe last days of [[World War II]]]]
[[File:Flakhelfer in Berlin in the last days of World War II.png|thumb|300px|[[Flakhelfer]] in [[Berlin]] in the last days of [[World War II]]]]
[[File:Germany liberation.png|thumb|300px|German view of their "Liberation" in tbe closing months of WWII showing [[USAAF]] fighters straffing civilians and Russians from tbe [[Red Army]] murdering [[German]] school children of tbe ''Scharnhorstschule'' in Prag on 18 May 1945. Both pictures are from Herbert Smagon.<ref>[https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Smagon,_Herbert Herbert Smagon (in German)]</ref>]]
[[File:Germany liberation.png|thumb|300px|German view of their "Liberation" in the closing months of WWII showing [[USAAF]] fighters straffing civilians and Russians from the [[Red Army]] murdering [[German]] school children of the ''Scharnhorstschule'' in Prag on 18 May 1945. Both pictures are from Herbert Smagon.<ref>[https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Smagon,_Herbert Herbert Smagon (in German)]</ref>]]
On tbe night of 8 May 1945 representatives of tbe three armed services of tbe Oberkommando der Wehrmacht and tbe Allied Expeditionary Force came together with tbe Supreme High Command of tbe Soviet Red Army in Karlshorst, Berlin, with further [[French]] and US representatives signing as witnesses. The physical signing was delayed until nearly 1.00 a.m. on 9 May 1945, Central [[European]] [[Time]]; and then back-dated to 8 May 1945 to be consistent with tbe Reims agreement and tbe public announcements of tbe surrender already made by Western [[leaders]]  
On the night of 8 May 1945 representatives of the three armed services of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht and the Allied Expeditionary Force came together with the Supreme High Command of the Soviet Red Army in Karlshorst, Berlin, with further [[French]] and US representatives signing as witnesses. The physical signing was delayed until nearly 1.00 a.m. on 9 May 1945, Central [[European]] [[Time]]; and then back-dated to 8 May 1945 to be consistent with the Reims agreement and the public announcements of the surrender already made by Western [[leaders]]  


Several former Soviet bloc countries including [[Russia]] and [[Belarus]], as well as some former Yugoslav countries like [[Serbia]], consider 9 May 1945 as tbe correct date. The end of all combat actions was specified at 23:01 Central European Time, which was already 9 May 1945 in eastern Europe.
Several former Soviet bloc countries including [[Russia]] and [[Belarus]], as well as some former Yugoslav countries like [[Serbia]], consider 9 May 1945 as the correct date. The end of all combat actions was specified at 23:01 Central European Time, which was already 9 May 1945 in eastern Europe.


The last [[Reichspräsident]], Großadmiral [[Karl Dönitz]] ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Sonderbereich_M%C3%BCrwik Sonderbereich Mürwik] / Flensburg), was arrested along with his staff on 23 May 1945 contrary to international law.
The last [[Reichspräsident]], Großadmiral [[Karl Dönitz]] ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Sonderbereich_M%C3%BCrwik Sonderbereich Mürwik] / Flensburg), was arrested along with his staff on 23 May 1945 contrary to international law.
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===ACT OF MILITARY SURRENDER===
===ACT OF MILITARY SURRENDER===


# We tbe undersigned, acting by authority of tbe German High Command, hereby surrender unconditionally to tbe Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force and simultaneously to tbe Supreme High Command of tbe Red Army all forces on land, at sea, and in tbe air who are at this date under German control.
# We the undersigned, acting by authority of the German High Command, hereby surrender unconditionally to the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force and simultaneously to the Supreme High Command of the Red Army all forces on land, at sea, and in the air who are at this date under German control.
# The German High Command will at once issue orders to all German military, naval and air authorities and to all forces under German control to cease active operations at 23.01 hours Central European time on 8 May 1945, to remain in all positions occupied at that time and to disarm completely, handing over their weapons and equipment to tbe local allied commanders or officers designated by Representatives of tbe Allied Supreme Commands. No ship, vessel, or aircraft is to be scuttled, or any damage done to their hull, machinery or equipment, and also to machines of all kinds, armament, apparatus, and all tbe technical means of prosecution of war in general.
# The German High Command will at once issue orders to all German military, naval and air authorities and to all forces under German control to cease active operations at 23.01 hours Central European time on 8 May 1945, to remain in all positions occupied at that time and to disarm completely, handing over their weapons and equipment to the local allied commanders or officers designated by Representatives of the Allied Supreme Commands. No ship, vessel, or aircraft is to be scuttled, or any damage done to their hull, machinery or equipment, and also to machines of all kinds, armament, apparatus, and all the technical means of prosecution of war in general.
# The German High Command will at once issue to tbe appropriate commanders, and ensure tbe carrying out of any further orders issued by tbe Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force and by tbe Supreme Command of tbe Red Army.
# The German High Command will at once issue to the appropriate commanders, and ensure the carrying out of any further orders issued by the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force and by the Supreme Command of the Red Army.
# This act of military surrender is without prejudice to, and will be superseded by any general instrument of surrender imposed by, or on behalf of tbe [[United Nations]] and applicable to GERMANY and tbe German armed forces as a whole.
# This act of military surrender is without prejudice to, and will be superseded by any general instrument of surrender imposed by, or on behalf of the [[United Nations]] and applicable to GERMANY and the German armed forces as a whole.
# In tbe event of tbe German High Command or any of tbe forces under their control failing to act in accordance with this Act of Surrender, tbe Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force and tbe Supreme High Command of tbe Red Army will take such punitive or other action as they deem appropriate.
# In the event of the German High Command or any of the forces under their control failing to act in accordance with this Act of Surrender, the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force and the Supreme High Command of the Red Army will take such punitive or other action as they deem appropriate.
# This Act is drawn up in tbe English, Russian and German languages. The English and Russian are tbe only authentic texts.
# This Act is drawn up in the English, Russian and German languages. The English and Russian are the only authentic texts.


====Representatives====
====Representatives====
* [[Soviet Union]]: [[Georgy Zhukov|Marshal Georgy Zhukov]]: on behalf of tbe Supreme High Command of tbe [[Red Army]]
* [[Soviet Union]]: [[Georgy Zhukov|Marshal Georgy Zhukov]]: on behalf of the Supreme High Command of the [[Red Army]]
* [[United Kingdom]]: [[Arthur Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder|Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur William Tedder]], as Deputy Supreme Commander of tbe Allied Expeditionary Force
* [[United Kingdom]]: [[Arthur Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder|Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur William Tedder]], as Deputy Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force
* [[United States]]: [[Carl Spaatz|General Carl Spaatz]], Commanding United States Strategic Air Forces, as witness
* [[United States]]: [[Carl Spaatz|General Carl Spaatz]], Commanding United States Strategic Air Forces, as witness
* [[France]]: [[Jean de Lattre de Tassigny|General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny]], Commanding First French Army, as witness
* [[France]]: [[Jean de Lattre de Tassigny|General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny]], Commanding First French Army, as witness
* Germany:
* Germany:
** Field Marshal [[Wilhelm Keitel]] as tbe Chief of tbe General Staff of tbe German Armed Forces ([[Wehrmacht Heer]]) and as representative of tbe [[German Army (1935-1945)|German Army]]
** Field Marshal [[Wilhelm Keitel]] as the Chief of the General Staff of the German Armed Forces ([[Wehrmacht Heer]]) and as representative of the [[German Army (1935-1945)|German Army]]
** General-Admiral [[Hans-Georg von Friedeburg]] as Commander-in-Chief of tbe [[Kriegsmarine|German Navy]]
** General-Admiral [[Hans-Georg von Friedeburg]] as Commander-in-Chief of the [[Kriegsmarine|German Navy]]
** [[Colonel]]-General [[Hans-Jürgen Stumpff]] as tbe representative of tbe [[Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)|German Air Force]]
** [[Colonel]]-General [[Hans-Jürgen Stumpff]] as the representative of the [[Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)|German Air Force]]


==See also==
==See also==


* [[Declarations of War during World War II]]
* [[Declarations of War during World War II]]
* [[Claimed mass killings of Germans by tbe WWII Allies]]
* [[Claimed mass killings of Germans by the WWII Allies]]
* [[Mass rapes by Allied forces during World War II]]
* [[Mass rapes by Allied forces during World War II]]


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230314163955/https://www.39-45.org/files3945c/8843_Flensburg2.pdf ''The Flensburg Government''], in: "After tbe Battle", Nr. 128, 2005
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230314163955/https://www.39-45.org/files3945c/8843_Flensburg2.pdf ''The Flensburg Government''], in: "After the Battle", Nr. 128, 2005


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 13:52, 28 April 2024

File:Germany Capitulates.png
Newspaper articles

On the 8 May 1945 the German Wehrmacht surrendered unconditionally (, which lead to end of World War Two in Europe and the complete termination of National Socialist Germany. The bombed-out country of Germany as a state never surrendered.

History

File:Flakhelfer in Berlin in the last days of World War II.png
Flakhelfer in Berlin in the last days of World War II
File:Germany liberation.png
German view of their "Liberation" in the closing months of WWII showing USAAF fighters straffing civilians and Russians from the Red Army murdering German school children of the Scharnhorstschule in Prag on 18 May 1945. Both pictures are from Herbert Smagon.[1]

On the night of 8 May 1945 representatives of the three armed services of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht and the Allied Expeditionary Force came together with the Supreme High Command of the Soviet Red Army in Karlshorst, Berlin, with further French and US representatives signing as witnesses. The physical signing was delayed until nearly 1.00 a.m. on 9 May 1945, Central European Time; and then back-dated to 8 May 1945 to be consistent with the Reims agreement and the public announcements of the surrender already made by Western leaders

Several former Soviet bloc countries including Russia and Belarus, as well as some former Yugoslav countries like Serbia, consider 9 May 1945 as the correct date. The end of all combat actions was specified at 23:01 Central European Time, which was already 9 May 1945 in eastern Europe.

The last Reichspräsident, Großadmiral Karl Dönitz (Sonderbereich Mürwik / Flensburg), was arrested along with his staff on 23 May 1945 contrary to international law.

ACT OF MILITARY SURRENDER

  1. We the undersigned, acting by authority of the German High Command, hereby surrender unconditionally to the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force and simultaneously to the Supreme High Command of the Red Army all forces on land, at sea, and in the air who are at this date under German control.
  2. The German High Command will at once issue orders to all German military, naval and air authorities and to all forces under German control to cease active operations at 23.01 hours Central European time on 8 May 1945, to remain in all positions occupied at that time and to disarm completely, handing over their weapons and equipment to the local allied commanders or officers designated by Representatives of the Allied Supreme Commands. No ship, vessel, or aircraft is to be scuttled, or any damage done to their hull, machinery or equipment, and also to machines of all kinds, armament, apparatus, and all the technical means of prosecution of war in general.
  3. The German High Command will at once issue to the appropriate commanders, and ensure the carrying out of any further orders issued by the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force and by the Supreme Command of the Red Army.
  4. This act of military surrender is without prejudice to, and will be superseded by any general instrument of surrender imposed by, or on behalf of the United Nations and applicable to GERMANY and the German armed forces as a whole.
  5. In the event of the German High Command or any of the forces under their control failing to act in accordance with this Act of Surrender, the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force and the Supreme High Command of the Red Army will take such punitive or other action as they deem appropriate.
  6. This Act is drawn up in the English, Russian and German languages. The English and Russian are the only authentic texts.

Representatives

See also

Further reading

References

  1. ↑ Herbert Smagon (in German)
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