Hyazinth Graf Strachwitz von Groß-Zauche und Camminetz
Hyacinth Graf Strachwitz von Groß-Zauche und Camminetz[1] (b. 30 July 1893 in Groß Stein, Province of Silesia, German Empire; d. 25 April 1968 in Trostberg, Upper Bavaria, Germany[2]) was a German aristocratic as well as officer of the Prussian Army, Imperial German Army, the Freikorps, the Reichswehr, the SS and the Wehrmacht, at last highly decorated Generalleutnant in WW II.
Life
Graf Strachwitz visited the Königlich Preußische Kadettenanstalt, afterwards the Königlich Preußische Hauptkadettenanstalt in Lichterfelde, where he became close friends with Manfred von Richthofen und Hans Sylvius Hermann Maria von Aulock (1906–1980). In August 1912, he joined the elite Regiment der Gardes du Corps of the Prussian Army. He saw action in World War I.
In 1921, during the Silesian Revolt, when Poland tried to separate Upper Silesia from the Weimar Republic, Graf Strachwitz served under the Generals Bernhard von Hülsen (Freikorps „von Hülsen“) and Karl Höfer. At the peak of the conflict when the Poles dug in on the Annaberg, a hill near the village of Annaberg. The German Freikorps launched the assault in what would become the Battle of Annaberg, which was fought between 21 May and 26 May 1921. Graf Strachwitz and his two battalions outflanked the Polish positions and overran part of them in hand-to-hand combat around midnight on 21 May. Strachwitz was the first German to reach the summit. They captured six field guns, numerous machine guns, rifles and ammunition.
The Ministry of the Reichswehr informed him in 1921 that he had been promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant), the promotion backdated to 1916. In 1925, Graf Strachwitz and his family moved from Groß Stein to their manor in Alt Siedel, because of personal differences with his father, who remained in Groß Stein (Groß-Stein). Between 1924 and 1933, he founded two dairy cooperatives which many local farmers joined. In parallel he studied a few semesters of forestry. He used his influence in Upper Silesia to modernize forestry and farming. His ambitions were aided by his presidency of the Forstausschuß (Forestry Committee) of Upper Silesia and his membership in the Landwirtschaftskammer (Chamber of Agriculture). Graf Strachwitz completely took over his father's estate in 1929, first as the general manager and then as owner. This made him one of the most wealthy land and forest owners in Silesia. Along with the palace in Groß Stein he owned a lime kiln and quarry in Klein Stein—present-day Kamionek—and Groß Stein, a distillery in Groß Stein and Alt Siedel. Since 1932, he was a member of the NSDAP (NSDAP-Nr.: 1.405.562). On 17 April 1933, he became a member of the Allgemeine-SS with the SS membership number 82,857, and reached the rank of SS-Sturmbannführer in 1936. In parallel to his SS career, his military rank in the military reserve force also advanced. He attained the rank of Hauptmann of the Reserves in 1934 (Reichswehr) and a year later became a Rittmeister (cavalry captain) of the Reserves (Wehrmacht).
In WWII, he rose to fame for his command of armored forces. For these services he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds (), an award created to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or outstanding military leadership. At the time of its presentation to Strachwitz it was Germany's highest military decoration.[3]
Großdeutschland Panzer Regiment – End of War
In January 1943, Graf Strachwitz was given command of Panzer-Regiment Großdeutschland of the Panzergrenadier-Division Großdeutschland. He led the regiment when it took part in the Third Battle of Kharkov, fighting alongside SS-Gruppenführer Paul Hausser's II SS Panzer Corps. Among his men was also Walter von Wietersheim. For his actions during these battles, Graf Strachwitz was awarded the Swords to his Knight's Cross. In November 1943, Graf Strachwitz left the Großdeutschland on grounds of ill-health, although tension between him and the division's commander Walter Papa Hörnlein is thought by many veterans to be the true reason for Graf Strachwitz's departure.[4]
After a month's sick leave, Graf Strachwitz was recalled to active duty and promoted to Generalmajor der Reserve, and was placed in command of the 1st Panzer Division, though for a short period only. In January 1945, Graf Strachwitz, who had been wounded 14 times (9 times very seriously), was promoted once again, this time to "Generalleutnant", the second highest title of the German Army ().
Following a visit of the commander of the Panzerjagdverbände of Army Group Vistula, Oberst Ernst-Wilhelm Freiherr Gedult von Jungenfeld, all of the Panzerjagdverbände were to be centralized under Graf Strachwitz' command. In April 1945 the Panzerjagdeinheiten of Army Group Center were all put under his command, this included Panzerjagdverbände A, B and C, the Heeres-Panzerjagdbrigaden 1 and 3, two Volkssturm-Panzerjagdbrigaden and the Panzerjagdbrigaden Niederschlesien (Lower Silesia) and Free Ukrainians. Graf Strachwitz deployed his men in small combat groups, sometimes operating behind enemy lines, which lured enemy tanks into traps and attacked them with Panzerfaust's. Combat reached its peak in April 1945 and some of his men were credited with more than ten enemy tanks destroyed. The German front line of Army Group Center at the time was in mid Silesia along the Zobten, and via Schweidnitz and Jauer to Lauban. The main Soviet thrust was targeted for Berlin and Dresden. This threatened the in Silesia fighting German troops to be encircled. Graf Strachwitz and his men kept on fighting under the command of Schörner until the German capitulation on 8 May 1945.
Graf Strachwitz led his men in a successful and brave breakout from Russian encirclement and partisan terror in Czechoslovakia to the U.S.-held region of Bavaria, where all surrendered to U.S. Army forces near Felgen.[5] Graf Strachwitz was taken to the prisoner of war camp at Allendorf near Marburg, where he was interred together with Franz Halder, Heinz Guderian and fighter ace General of the Luftwaffe Adolf Galland.[6]
Post-war and final years
Graf Strachwitz was released as a prisoner of war by the Allies in June 1947. He had lost his wife, his youngest son and his estate during the war. He quickly married again and accepted the invitation of Husni al-Za'im to come to Syria as an agricultural and military advisor to the Syrian Armed Forces. This he did from January–June 1949, a period during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War (15 May 1948 – 10 March 1949) which was fought with Syrian involvement. The influential man behind Husni al-Za'im was Adib Shishakli, who wanted a Pan-Arabian revolution and was trying to run the state from behind the scenes. Seeing himself as a state-maker, the Otto von Bismarck of the Arabian peoples, Shishakli's goal was to morph Syria into a kind of Prussian Arabia. He owned a Mercedes car which had once belonged to Adolf Hitler. Under his leadership, Syria brought over 30 advisors to the country.
When Adib Shishakli seized power, Graf Strachwitz and his wife left Syria. In the meantime they had received a visa for Argentina, where they hoped to find another advisory position. Via Lebanon they arrived in Livorno, Italy, where they changed their plans and ran a winery. They returned to Germany in 1951 with a Red Cross passport. The family settled on an estate in Winkl near Grabenstätt in Bavaria, where he lived out his final years quietly and in wealth.
Death
Hyazinth Graf Strachwitz von Groß-Zauche und Camminetz died on 25 April 1968 of lung cancer in the hospital of Trostberg. Der Panzergraf was laid to rest with full military honors () in the village cemetery of Grabenstätt, beside his first wife.[7] The Bundeswehr provided an honour guard as a mark of respect. Brigadegeneral and former comrade Heinz-Georg Lemm delivered the eulogy.[8]
Personal life
Graf Strachwitz married Alexandrine "Alda" Marie Julie Amalie Laura Freiin Saurma von der Jeltsch (b. 2 September 1896 in Potsdam) on 25 July 1919. Alda's brother, Oberstleutnant (posthumously Oberst) Karl-Anton Johannes Arthur Maria Saurma von der Jeltsch-Lorzendorf,[9] was Panther battalion commander (II./Panzergrenadier-Regiment "Großdeutschland"), who fell (⚔ during operation Citadel (Kursk). Their first child, a son, was born on 4 May 1920. Following family tradition, he was named Hyacinth. The marriage also produced a daughter, Alexandrine „Lisalex“ Aloysia Maria Elisabeth Therese, born 30 July 1921, a Nachrichtenhelferin (Blitzmädel) during the war, followed by a second son, Hubertus "Harti" Arthur, born 11 March 1925 in Schedlitz .
Son Hyacinth, at last Hauptmann, was severley wounded in battle, survived the war and died 2003. Leutnant Harti, who had lost a leg but still freely reported back to duty, was killed in action shortly before the end of the war on 25 March 1945 near Holstein. Wife Alda was killed in a traffic accident on 6 January 1946, run over by a US military truck in Velden an der Vils. Graf Strachwitz, still a US prisoner of war in camp Allendorf near Marburg, was denied permission to attend the funeral.
Graf Strachwitz married again on 30 July 1947 in Holzhausen. With his new wife Nora, née von Stumm (1916–2000), he had four children, two daughters and two sons, born between 1951 and 1960.
Promotions
| August 1912: | Fahnenjunker |
| 22 January 1913: | Fähnrich |
| 17 February 1914: | Leutnant (Second Lieutenant) |
| 1921: | Oberleutnant (First Lieutenant), effective as 1916 |
| 9 August 1933: | SS-Mann |
| 15 September 1933: | SS-Scharführer |
| 19 December 1933: | SS-Truppführer (Troop Leader) |
| 10 March 1934: | SS-Obertruppführer |
| 28 April 1934: | SS-Untersturmführer |
| 9 November 1934: | SS-Obersturmführer |
| 1934: | Hauptmann (Captain) of the Reserves |
| 15 September 1935: | SS-Hauptsturmführer |
| 1935: | renamed Rittmeister (Cavalry Master) of the Reserves[10] |
| 13 September 1936: | SS-Sturmbannführer[10] |
| 30 January 1939: | SS-Obersturmbannführer[10] |
| 1 July 1940: | Major (Major) of the Reserves[10] (on 25.9.1941, he received rank seniority from 1.7.1939) |
| 1 January 1942: | Oberstleutnant (Lieutenant Colonel) of the Reserves[10] |
| 1 January 1943: | Oberst (Colonel) of the Reserves[10] |
| 3 November 1943: | SS-Standartenführer, effective as 1 September 1943[10] |
| 1 April 1944: | Generalmajor (Major General) of the Reserves[10] |
| 30 January 1945: | Generalleutnant (Lieutenant General) of the Reserves[10] |
Awards and decorations
- Knight of Honor of the Order of Malta
- Iron Cross (1914), 2nd and 1st Class[10]
- Silesian Eagle, 2nd and 1st Class with Oak Leaves and Swords (1921)[10]
- The Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918 with swords
- Honour Chevron for the Old Guard (Ehrenwinkel für Alte Kämpfer)
- SA Sports Badge (SA-Sportabzeichen) in Bronze
- NSDAP Long Service Award (Dienstauszeichnung der NSDAP), 3rd Class in Bronze (10 Years Service)
- Wehrmacht Long Service Award (Wehrmacht-Dienstauszeichnung)
- Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939)
- Deutsches Reichssportabzeichen in Gold (1941)[10]
- Order of the Crown of Romania on 9 June 1941
- Panzer Badge (Panzerkampfabzeichen des Heeres)
- Certificate of Recognition of the Commander-in-Chief of the Army on 2 August 1941 as Major d. R. and commander of the I. Abteilung/Panzer-Regiment 2/16. Panzer-Division
- Eastern Front Medal (August 1942)[10]
- SS-Totenkopfring
- Wound Badge (Verwundetenabzeichen 1939)
- Multiple mentions by name in the Wehrmacht report
- Units under his command had also been mentioned numerous times in the Wehrmachtbericht
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds
- Knight's Cross on 25 August 1941 as Major of the Reserves and commander of the I./Panzer-Regiment 2[12][13][14]
- 144th Oak Leaves on 13 November 1942 as Oberstleutnant of the Reserves and commander of the I./Panzer-Regiment 2[12][15][16]
- 27th Swords on 28 March 1943 as Oberst of the Reserves and commander of the Panzer-Regiment "Großdeutschland"[12][17][18]
- 11th Diamonds on 15 April 1944 as Oberst of the Reserves and commander of a Panzer-Gruppe with the Heeresgruppe Nord[12][19][20]
German Cross
Strachwitz is often credited with the German Cross in Gold awarded on 29 May 1943, this however was awarded to his son, also named Hyacinth, who received this award as Oberleutnant in the 4./Panzer Regiment 15.[21]
Further reading
- Walther-Peer Fellgiebel: Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German), Podzun-Pallas, Friedberg 1986, ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
- Franz Thomas: Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945, Band 1: A–K (in German), Biblio-Verlag, Osnabrück 1998, ISBN 978-3-7648-2299-6
- Veit Scherzer: Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945. Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German), Scherzers Miltaer-Verlag, Jena 2007, ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
- Hans-Joachim Röll: Generalleutnant der Reserve Hyacinth Graf Strachwitz von Groß-Zauche und Camminetz: Vom Kavallerieoffizier zum Führer gepanzerter Verbände [Lieutenant General of the Reserve Hyacinth Graf Strachwitz von Groß-Zauche und Camminetz: From a Cavalry Officer to a Leader of Armoured Units] (in German), Flechsig, Würzburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8035-0015-1.
References
- ↑ According to Röll his first name is spelled "Hyacinth". Groß-Zauche, in German, is spelled with a "sharp S"; see ß.
- ↑ Von Ehrenkrook 2000, p. 497.
- ↑ In 1944, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds was second only to the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross (), which was awarded only to senior commanders for winning a major battle or campaign, in the military order of the Third Reich. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds as the highest military order was surpassed on 29 December 1944 by the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds ().
- ↑ History of the Panzerregiment Großdeutschland refers to this in detail (J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing).
- ↑ Röll explicitly mentions the location "Felgen". It is unclear what place is meant by "Felgen". It could be Auf den Folgen near Všemily, Jetřichovice or Velden.
- ↑ Röll 2011, p. 175.
- ↑ Hartmann 2000, p. 160.
- ↑ Röll 2011, p. 181.
- ↑ Oberstleutnant Karl-Anton Graf von Saurma-Jeltsch (1898-1943)
- ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 Röll 2011, p. 189.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Thomas 1998, p. 356.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Scherzer 2007, p. 728.
- ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 413.
- ↑ Von Seemen 1976, p. 331.
- ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 63.
- ↑ Von Seemen 1976, p. 31.
- ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 41.
- ↑ Von Seemen 1976, p. 15.
- ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 37.
- ↑ Von Seemen 1976, p. 12.
- ↑ Patzwall and Scherzer 2001, p. 463.
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