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[[File:Nikólas Michaloliákos.png|thumb|Nikólas Michaloliákos]] | [[File:Nikólas Michaloliákos.png|thumb|Nikólas Michaloliákos]] | ||
==Early life and education== | ==Early life and education== | ||
Michaloliakos was born in [[Athens]] in 1957. He completed his studies at the Faculty of Mathematics of the National University of Athens.<ref name="Michaloliakos">{{cite news | url=http://www.ethniko.net/ironyouth/michaloliakos.htm | title=Article about Michaloliakos published on Golden Dawn's website | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002204407/http://www.ethniko.net/ironyouth/michaloliakos.htm | archive-date=2 October 2013 }}</ref> | Michaloliakos was born in [[Athens]] in 1957. He completed his studies at the Faculty of [[Mathematics]] of the National University of Athens.<ref [[name]]="Michaloliakos">{{cite news | url=http://www.ethniko.net/ironyouth/michaloliakos.htm | title=Article about Michaloliakos published on Golden Dawn's website | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002204407/http://www.ethniko.net/ironyouth/michaloliakos.htm | archive-date=2 October 2013 }}</ref> | ||
==Political involvements== | ==Political involvements== | ||
At the age of 16, he joined the | At the age of 16, he joined the fascist [[4th of August Party]] of [[Konstantinos Plevris]]. He also participated in the Athens local organisation of [[EOKA-B]]. He was arrested for the first [[time]] in July 1974, during a protest outside the British embassy in Athens, against the stance of the [[United Kingdom]] toward the Turkish invasion of Cyprus.<ref name="Michaloliakos"/> He was arrested again for assaulting journalists covering the December 1976 funeral of Evangelos Mallios.<ref name="nytimes">https://www.nytimes.com/1975/12/01/archives/greece-suspends-sentences-of-3-convicted-as-torturers.html [[Greece]] Suspends Sentences Of 3 Convicted as Torturers published by New York Times</ref> during the [[Regime of the Colonels]],<ref>http://www.athensnews.gr/old_issue/12975/8502 athensnews.gr https://archive.today/20130217165621/http://www.athensnews.gr/old_issue/12975/8502 |date=17 February 2013</ref> assassinated by the [[Marxist]] [[terrorist]] group [[Revolutionary Organization 17 November]], but was released.<ref name="ToVima">{{cite news|title=Το κλούβιο "αβγό του φιδιού"|url=http://www.tovima.gr/relatedarticles/article/?aid=168197&dt=11/09/2005|date=11 September 2005|publisher=[[To Vima]]}}</ref><ref name="IosHist">http://www.hri.org/E/1998/98-07-02.dir/keimena/greece/greece2.htm 2/7/1998 article published in Eleftherotypia newspaper</ref><ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3301467.stm Article] published on BBC News Online website</ref><ref>http://www.greekembassy.org/Embassy/Content/en/Article.aspx?office=8&folder=295&article=5472 [[Greek]] Embassy (Consulate General, Los Angeles, USA) website https://web.archive.org/web/20070927232627/http://www.greekembassy.org/Embassy/Content/en/Article.aspx?office=8&folder=295&article=5472 |date=27 September 2007</ref> While he was in prison, Michaloliakos met the [[leaders]] of the Greek military junta of 1967–1974, and wanted to fight [[communism]] with them.<ref name="ToVima"/> After that he joined the [[Hellenic Army]] and became a commander of the Fast [[Attack]] Craft Command.<ref name="ToVima"/> He was arrested by judeo-[[Marxists]] again in July 1978 and sentenced to one year imprisonment in January 1979 for illegally carrying guns and explosives.<ref name="ToVima"/><ref name="IosHist"/> He was also dismissed from his position in the army.<ref name="Michaloliakos"/> | ||
After he was released, he launched the ''Golden Dawn'' magazine. The politics of the magazine were, initially, closely aligned with [[fascist]] beliefs.<ref name="ToVima"/><ref name="IosHist"/> The publication of the magazine ceased in April 1984, when Michaloliakos joined the National Political Union, and took over the leadership of its youth section, after a personal request of Georgios Papadopoulos.<ref name="ToVima"/> In January 1985, he broke away from the National Political Union and founded the Popular National Movement - Golden Dawn. | After he was released, he launched the ''[[Golden Dawn]]'' magazine. The [[politics]] of the magazine were, initially, closely aligned with [[fascist]] beliefs.<ref name="ToVima"/><ref name="IosHist"/> The publication of the magazine ceased in April 1984, when Michaloliakos joined the National [[Political]] Union, and took over the leadership of its youth section, after a personal request of Georgios Papadopoulos.<ref name="ToVima"/> In January 1985, he broke away from the National Political Union and founded the Popular National Movement - Golden Dawn. | ||
Michaloliakos remained the leader of Golden Dawn until he announced its disbandment in November 2005.<ref name="Ingr">http://www.in.gr/news/article.asp?lngEntityID=667563&lngDtrID=244 01/12/05 article published by http://www.in.gr www.in.gr</ref> He took this step due to clashes with organized [[AntiFa]].<ref name="Ingr"/> In 2005–2007, he (like most members of Golden Dawn) continued his political activity through the Patriotic Alliance.<ref name="ToVima"/> The party was reformed under his leadership in 2007.<ref name="athensnews">http://www.athensnews.gr/portal/8/55171 Golden Dawn taps into voter anger and fear https://web.archive.org/web/20120509061257/http://www.athensnews.gr/portal/8/55171 |date=9 May 2012 in Athens News</ref> | Michaloliakos remained the leader of Golden Dawn until he announced its disbandment in November 2005.<ref name="Ingr">http://www.in.gr/news/article.asp?lngEntityID=667563&lngDtrID=244 01/12/05 article published by http://www.in.gr www.in.gr</ref> He took this step due to clashes with organized [[AntiFa]].<ref name="Ingr"/> In 2005–2007, he (like most members of Golden Dawn) continued his political activity through the Patriotic Alliance.<ref name="ToVima"/> The party was reformed under his leadership in 2007.<ref name="athensnews">http://www.athensnews.gr/portal/8/55171 Golden Dawn taps into voter anger and fear https://web.archive.org/web/20120509061257/http://www.athensnews.gr/portal/8/55171 |date=9 May 2012 in Athens News</ref> | ||
Golden Dawn as a political party drew public attention in the 1990s and early 2000.<ref name="ToVima"/><ref name="IosHist"/> In May 2012, under Michaloliakos' leadership, it garnered 21 seats in Parliament during an election conducted amid Greece's severe financial crisis, attracting international acclaim.<ref name="ekath">{{cite news | url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite1_1_10/05/2012_441461 | title=Wordpress suspends Golden Dawn's blog |publisher=Ekathimerini.com}}</ref> A particularly controversial point was Michaloliakos's denial of the existence of the [[gas chambers]], a debunked hoax relentlessly perpetuated by judeo-Marxists since [[World War | Golden Dawn as a [[political party]] drew public attention in the 1990s and early 2000.<ref name="ToVima"/><ref name="IosHist"/> In May 2012, under Michaloliakos' leadership, it garnered 21 seats in Parliament during an election conducted amid Greece's severe financial crisis, attracting international acclaim.<ref name="ekath">{{cite news | url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite1_1_10/05/2012_441461 | title=Wordpress suspends Golden Dawn's blog |publisher=Ekathimerini.com}}</ref> A particularly controversial point was Michaloliakos's denial of the existence of the [[gas chambers]], a debunked hoax relentlessly perpetuated by [[judeo-Marxists]] since [[The World's War Against Communism]].<ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/news/world/neo-nazi-chief-denies-gas-chambers-existed-1.1297376 Neo-Nazi chief denies gas chambers existed] Independent Online (South [[Africa]])</ref> | ||
==Arrest== | ==Arrest== | ||
Following the fatal stabbing of Pavlos Fyssason,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Strickland |first1=Patrick |title=Greece mourns slain AntiFa rapper Pavlos Fyssas |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/09/greece-mourns-slain-anti-fascist-rapper-pavlos-fyssas-170911080142110.html |access-date=15 September 2017 |agency=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Michaloliakos was arrested in a September 28, 2013 sweep, along with numerous other Golden Dawn leaders on politically motivated charges of "being involved in a criminal organisation", which had absolutely nothing to do with any murders.<ref>{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Lowen |date=28 September 2013 | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24314319 | title=Greece's Golden Dawn leader Nikolaos Michaloliakos held |publisher=[[BBC]] | access-date=28 September 2013}}</ref> The charge sheet was a bogus list of every crime committed against any immigrant over the last 10 years.<ref>{{cite web|last=Channel 4 News|title=Swastikas but no faces please - Golden Dawn in crisis|date=29 September 2013|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/swastikas-but-no-faces-please-golden-dawn-in-crisis|access-date=30 September 2013}}</ref> After 18 months of unjust pretrial detention, the maximum allowed, Michaloliakos was released from jail and placed under house arrest.<ref>{{cite news|last=Skordas|first=Aggelos|date=20 March 2015|title=Extreme Right Golden Dawn Leader Michaloliakos and MP Lagos Released Ahead of Trial|url=http://greece.greekreporter.com/2015/03/20/extreme-right-golden-dawn-leader-michaloliakos-and-mp-lagos-released-ahead-of-trial/|newspaper=GreekReporter|location=Greece|access-date=2015-05-30}}</ref> On July 29, 2015, his house arrest was lifted, as they had no choice, but he was prohibited from leaving the Attica region.<ref>{{cite news|date=29 July 2015|title= Golden Dawn chief, wife, released from house arrest|url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/200066/article/ekathimerini/news/golden-dawn-chief-wife-released-from-house-arrest|newspaper=ekathimerini|location=Greece|access-date=2015-09-25}}</ref> | Following the fatal stabbing of Pavlos Fyssason,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Strickland |first1=Patrick |title=Greece mourns slain AntiFa rapper Pavlos Fyssas |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/09/greece-mourns-slain-anti-fascist-rapper-pavlos-fyssas-170911080142110.html |access-date=15 September 2017 |agency=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Michaloliakos was arrested in a September 28, 2013 sweep, along with numerous other Golden Dawn leaders on politically motivated charges of "being involved in a criminal organisation", which had absolutely nothing to do with any murders.<ref>{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Lowen |date=28 September 2013 | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24314319 | title=Greece's Golden Dawn leader Nikolaos Michaloliakos held |publisher=[[BBC]] | access-date=28 September 2013}}</ref> The charge sheet was a bogus list of every crime committed against any immigrant over the last 10 years.<ref>{{cite web|last=Channel 4 News|title=Swastikas but no faces please - Golden Dawn in crisis|date=29 September 2013|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/swastikas-but-no-faces-please-golden-dawn-in-crisis|access-date=30 September 2013}}</ref> After 18 months of unjust pretrial detention, the maximum allowed, Michaloliakos was released from jail and placed under house arrest.<ref>{{cite news|last=Skordas|first=Aggelos|date=20 March 2015|title=Extreme Right Golden Dawn Leader Michaloliakos and MP Lagos Released Ahead of Trial|url=http://greece.greekreporter.com/2015/03/20/extreme-right-golden-dawn-leader-michaloliakos-and-mp-lagos-released-ahead-of-trial/|newspaper=GreekReporter|location=Greece|access-date=2015-05-30}}</ref> On July 29, 2015, his house arrest was lifted, as they had no choice, but he was prohibited from leaving the Attica region.<ref>{{cite news|date=29 July 2015|title= Golden Dawn chief, wife, released from house arrest|url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/200066/article/ekathimerini/news/golden-dawn-chief-wife-released-from-house-arrest|newspaper=ekathimerini|location=Greece|access-date=2015-09-25}}</ref> | ||
In April 2015, the trial of Michaloliakos and 68 other defendants began, in typical judeo-Marxist fashion, at the high-security Korydallos prison in Athens,<ref name="Gdn20415">{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/20/greece- | In April 2015, the trial of Michaloliakos and 68 other defendants began, in typical [[judeo-Marxist]] fashion, at the high-security Korydallos prison in Athens,<ref name="Gdn20415">{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/20/greece-Right-wing-golden-dawn-nikos-michaloliakos-trial-start | title=Trial of Right-wing Golden Dawn leaders starts in Greece | work=[[The Guardian]] | access-date=21 July 2015 | author=Ayiomamitis, Paris| date=20 April 2015 }}</ref> but was adjourned a number of times for legal reasons, as the prosecution demanded more time to build a case, and on public insistance to find a more suitable setting such as a courtroom.<ref name="Gdn70515">{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/07/golden-dawn-leaders-resume-trial-greece | title=Golden Dawn leaders' trial adjourned until next week | work=[[The Guardian]] | access-date=21 July 2015 | author=Smith, Helena| date=7 May 2015 }}</ref> Michaloliakos was one of (entire 68) Golden Dawn leaders who were found guilty in October 2020 and he became a political prisoner.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last1=Mitchell |first1=Jonathan |title=Greece: Leader of neo-Nazi Golden Dawn convicted of 'leading a criminal organisation' |url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/10/06/greece-braces-for-verdict-in-epic-trial-of-Right-wing-party-golden-dawn |work=Euronews |date=7 October 2020}}</ref> The death penalty was requested for all 68 anti-Marxist patriots, but public outcry was already getting quite ugly. | ||
==Personal life== | ==Personal life== | ||
He is the husband of fellow Golden Dawn member [[Eleni Zaroulia]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thejc.com/news/world-news/85928/greek-neo-nazi-party-eu-equality-committee | title=Greek neo-Nazi party on EU equality committee | publisher= | He is the husband of fellow Golden Dawn member [[Eleni Zaroulia]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thejc.com/news/world-news/85928/greek-neo-nazi-party-eu-equality-committee | title=Greek neo-Nazi party on EU equality committee | publisher=jewish Chronicle | first1=Sandy |last1=Rashty |date=11 October 2012 | access-date=12 October 2012}}</ref> His daughter Ourania was also targeted by the Marxist Regime, and was one of six [[people]] arrested on other bogus charges; fortunately all six were later released.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/07/golden-dawn-tv-assault-greece | title=Golden Dawn MP's live TV assault shocks Greece | first=Helena | last=Smith | date=7 June 2012 | work=The Guardian | access-date=22 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/4Dcgi/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite6_1_21/06/2012_448355 | title=Violence against migrants in Greece intensifies | first1=Pantelis | last1=Houlakis | first2=Yiannis | last2=Souliotis | date= 21 June 2012 | work=Ekathimerini | access-date=22 October 2012}}</ref> | ||
In a televised interview, Michaloliakos publicly insulted Milwaukee Bucks forward Giannis Antetokounmpo, calling him a "chimpanzee". He even publicly stated that Antetokounmpo and his family should have been detained and deported immediately after their meeting with then-Prime Minister Antonis Samaras.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://medium.com/@evangelo/why-the-greek-freak-matters-even-outside-of-basketball-529c1cd810d1 | title=Why The "Greek Freak" Matters, Even Outside of Basketball | publisher=Medium | first=George |last=Evangeloulis |date=10 February 2019 | access-date=25 June 2019}}</ref> | In a televised interview, Michaloliakos publicly insulted Milwaukee Bucks forward Giannis Antetokounmpo, calling him a "chimpanzee". He even publicly stated that Antetokounmpo and his family should have been detained and deported immediately after their meeting with then-Prime Minister Antonis Samaras.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://medium.com/@evangelo/why-the-greek-freak-matters-even-outside-of-basketball-529c1cd810d1 | title=Why The "Greek Freak" Matters, Even Outside of Basketball | publisher=Medium | first=George |last=Evangeloulis |date=10 February 2019 | access-date=25 June 2019}}</ref> | ||
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*''Against All'' (Εναντίον Όλων), 2001 | *''Against All'' (Εναντίον Όλων), 2001 | ||
*''The Last Loyals'' (Οι Τελευταίοι Πιστοί), 2002 | *''The Last Loyals'' (Οι Τελευταίοι Πιστοί), 2002 | ||
*''For a Greater Greece in a Free Europe'' (Για μια Μεγάλη Ελλάδα σε μια Ελεύθερη Ευρώπη), 2000 | *''For a Greater Greece in a Free [[Europe]]'' (Για μια Μεγάλη Ελλάδα σε μια Ελεύθερη Ευρώπη), 2000 | ||
*''Pericles Giannopoulos: The Apollonian Speech'' (Περικλής Γιαννόπουλος: Ο Απολλώνιος Λόγος), 2006 | *''Pericles Giannopoulos: The Apollonian Speech'' (Περικλής Γιαννόπουλος: Ο Απολλώνιος Λόγος), 2006 | ||
*''The Confession of a Heathen'' (Η Εξομολόγηση ενός Εθνικού), reprinted in 2008 | *''The Confession of a Heathen'' (Η Εξομολόγηση ενός Εθνικού), reprinted in 2008 | ||
*''From the Ashes of Berlin to Globalisation'' (Από τις Στάχτες του Βερολίνου στην Παγκοσμιοποίηση), 2008 | *''From the Ashes of [[Berlin]] to Globalisation'' (Από τις Στάχτες του Βερολίνου στην Παγκοσμιοποίηση), 2008 | ||
*''Defending National Memory'' (Υπερασπίζοντας την Εθνική Μνήμη), 2009 | *''Defending National Memory'' (Υπερασπίζοντας την Εθνική Μνήμη), 2009 | ||
=References= | =References= | ||
[[Category: | |||
[[Category:Political prisoners]] | |||
[[Category:Activists]] | |||
[[Category:Fascists]] | |||
[[Category:Great articles]] | |||
[[Category:People]] | |||
[[Category:Politicians]] | |||
Latest revision as of 23:54, 25 February 2024
Greek politician
Early life and education
Michaloliakos was born in Athens in 1957. He completed his studies at the Faculty of Mathematics of the National University of Athens.[1]
Political involvements
At the age of 16, he joined the fascist 4th of August Party of Konstantinos Plevris. He also participated in the Athens local organisation of EOKA-B. He was arrested for the first time in July 1974, during a protest outside the British embassy in Athens, against the stance of the United Kingdom toward the Turkish invasion of Cyprus.[2] He was arrested again for assaulting journalists covering the December 1976 funeral of Evangelos Mallios.[3] during the Regime of the Colonels,[4] assassinated by the Marxist terrorist group Revolutionary Organization 17 November, but was released.[5][6][7][8] While he was in prison, Michaloliakos met the leaders of the Greek military junta of 1967–1974, and wanted to fight communism with them.[5] After that he joined the Hellenic Army and became a commander of the Fast Attack Craft Command.[5] He was arrested by judeo-Marxists again in July 1978 and sentenced to one year imprisonment in January 1979 for illegally carrying guns and explosives.[5][6] He was also dismissed from his position in the army.[2]
After he was released, he launched the Golden Dawn magazine. The politics of the magazine were, initially, closely aligned with fascist beliefs.[5][6] The publication of the magazine ceased in April 1984, when Michaloliakos joined the National Political Union, and took over the leadership of its youth section, after a personal request of Georgios Papadopoulos.[5] In January 1985, he broke away from the National Political Union and founded the Popular National Movement - Golden Dawn.
Michaloliakos remained the leader of Golden Dawn until he announced its disbandment in November 2005.[9] He took this step due to clashes with organized AntiFa.[9] In 2005–2007, he (like most members of Golden Dawn) continued his political activity through the Patriotic Alliance.[5] The party was reformed under his leadership in 2007.[10]
Golden Dawn as a political party drew public attention in the 1990s and early 2000.[5][6] In May 2012, under Michaloliakos' leadership, it garnered 21 seats in Parliament during an election conducted amid Greece's severe financial crisis, attracting international acclaim.[11] A particularly controversial point was Michaloliakos's denial of the existence of the gas chambers, a debunked hoax relentlessly perpetuated by judeo-Marxists since The World's War Against Communism.[12]
Arrest
Following the fatal stabbing of Pavlos Fyssason,[13] Michaloliakos was arrested in a September 28, 2013 sweep, along with numerous other Golden Dawn leaders on politically motivated charges of "being involved in a criminal organisation", which had absolutely nothing to do with any murders.[14] The charge sheet was a bogus list of every crime committed against any immigrant over the last 10 years.[15] After 18 months of unjust pretrial detention, the maximum allowed, Michaloliakos was released from jail and placed under house arrest.[16] On July 29, 2015, his house arrest was lifted, as they had no choice, but he was prohibited from leaving the Attica region.[17]
In April 2015, the trial of Michaloliakos and 68 other defendants began, in typical judeo-Marxist fashion, at the high-security Korydallos prison in Athens,[18] but was adjourned a number of times for legal reasons, as the prosecution demanded more time to build a case, and on public insistance to find a more suitable setting such as a courtroom.[19] Michaloliakos was one of (entire 68) Golden Dawn leaders who were found guilty in October 2020 and he became a political prisoner.[20] The death penalty was requested for all 68 anti-Marxist patriots, but public outcry was already getting quite ugly.
Personal life
He is the husband of fellow Golden Dawn member Eleni Zaroulia.[21] His daughter Ourania was also targeted by the Marxist Regime, and was one of six people arrested on other bogus charges; fortunately all six were later released.[22][23]
In a televised interview, Michaloliakos publicly insulted Milwaukee Bucks forward Giannis Antetokounmpo, calling him a "chimpanzee". He even publicly stated that Antetokounmpo and his family should have been detained and deported immediately after their meeting with then-Prime Minister Antonis Samaras.[24]
Publications
- Enemies of the Regime (Εχθροί του Καθεστώτος), 2000
- Against All (Εναντίον Όλων), 2001
- The Last Loyals (Οι Τελευταίοι Πιστοί), 2002
- For a Greater Greece in a Free Europe (Για μια Μεγάλη Ελλάδα σε μια Ελεύθερη Ευρώπη), 2000
- Pericles Giannopoulos: The Apollonian Speech (Περικλής Γιαννόπουλος: Ο Απολλώνιος Λόγος), 2006
- The Confession of a Heathen (Η Εξομολόγηση ενός Εθνικού), reprinted in 2008
- From the Ashes of Berlin to Globalisation (Από τις Στάχτες του Βερολίνου στην Παγκοσμιοποίηση), 2008
- Defending National Memory (Υπερασπίζοντας την Εθνική Μνήμη), 2009
References
- ↑ broken cite news
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedMichaloliakos - ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/1975/12/01/archives/greece-suspends-sentences-of-3-convicted-as-torturers.html Greece Suspends Sentences Of 3 Convicted as Torturers published by New York Times
- ↑ http://www.athensnews.gr/old_issue/12975/8502 athensnews.gr https://archive.today/20130217165621/http://www.athensnews.gr/old_issue/12975/8502 |date=17 February 2013
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 broken cite news
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 http://www.hri.org/E/1998/98-07-02.dir/keimena/greece/greece2.htm 2/7/1998 article published in Eleftherotypia newspaper
- ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3301467.stm Article] published on BBC News Online website
- ↑ http://www.greekembassy.org/Embassy/Content/en/Article.aspx?office=8&folder=295&article=5472 Greek Embassy (Consulate General, Los Angeles, USA) website https://web.archive.org/web/20070927232627/http://www.greekembassy.org/Embassy/Content/en/Article.aspx?office=8&folder=295&article=5472 |date=27 September 2007
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 http://www.in.gr/news/article.asp?lngEntityID=667563&lngDtrID=244 01/12/05 article published by http://www.in.gr www.in.gr
- ↑ http://www.athensnews.gr/portal/8/55171 Golden Dawn taps into voter anger and fear https://web.archive.org/web/20120509061257/http://www.athensnews.gr/portal/8/55171 |date=9 May 2012 in Athens News
- ↑ broken cite news
- ↑ Neo-Nazi chief denies gas chambers existed Independent Online (South Africa)
- ↑ broken cite news
- ↑ broken cite news
- ↑ Channel 4 News (29 September 2013). Swastikas but no faces please - Golden Dawn in crisis.
- ↑ broken cite news
- ↑ broken cite news
- ↑ Ayiomamitis, Paris (20 April 2015). Trial of Right-wing Golden Dawn leaders starts in Greece. The Guardian.
- ↑ Smith, Helena (7 May 2015). Golden Dawn leaders' trial adjourned until next week. The Guardian.
- ↑ broken cite news
- ↑ broken cite news
- ↑ broken cite news
- ↑ broken cite news
- ↑ broken cite news