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• 11:58, 20 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Relevant logic (Created page with "Relevance logic, also called relevant logic, is a kind of non-classical logic requiring the antecedent and consequent of implications to be relevantly related. They may be viewed as a family of substructural or modal logics. It is generally, but not universally, called relevant logic by British and, especially, Australian logicians, and relevance logic by American logicians. Relevance logic aims to capture aspects of implication that are ignored by the "material impl...")
• 23:03, 19 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs moved page Journalist to Journalism
• 22:58, 19 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Principle of explosion (Created page with "The principle of explosion is a logical rule of inference. According to the rule, from a set of premises in which a sentence "'''''A'''''" and its negation "'''''-A'''''" are both true (i.e., a contradiction is true), any sentence "'''''B'''''" may be inferred. It is also known by its Latin name ex contradictione quodlibet, meaning from a contradiction anything follows, or ECQ for short. Since a contradiction is always false, another Latin term is ex falso quodlibet....")
• 22:48, 19 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Classical logic (Created page with "'''Classical logic''' identifies a class of formal logic that has been most intensively studied and most widely used. The class is sometimes called '''standard logic''' as well.<ref name="BunninYu2004">{{cite book|author1=Nicholas Bunnin|author2=Jiyuan Yu|title=The Blackwell dictionary of Western philosophy|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OskKWI1YA7AC&pg=PA266|year=2004|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|isbn=978-1-4051-0679-5|page=266}}</ref><ref name="Gamut1991">{{cite...")
• 22:33, 19 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Linear logic (Created page with "'''Linear logic''' is a refinement of classical logic and intuitionistic logic. Instead of emphasizing truth, as in classical logic, or proof, as in intuitionistic logic, linear logic emphasizes the role of formulas as resources. To achieve this focus, linear logic does not allow the usual structural rules of contraction and weakening to apply to all formulas but only those formulas marked with certain modals. Linear logic contains a fully involutive negation...")
• 22:09, 19 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Ordered logic (Created page with "'''Ordered logic''' is the internal language of non-symmetric monoidal categories. As with linear and nonlinear logic, if the ordered logic contains function-types then they correspond to internal-homs making the monoidal category closed, although one has to be a bit careful since in the non-symmetric case there are two inequivalent notions of internal-hom; sometimes one speaks of "left closed" and "right closed" to distinguish, with either "closed"...")
• 21:55, 19 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Sophism (Created page with "'''Sophism''' (Greek: sophistes) was a style of teaching in ancient Greece in the fifth and fourth centuries BC. Sophists specialized in one or more subject areas, such as philosophy, rhetoric, music, athletics, and mathematics. They taught arete, "virtue" or "excellence", predominantly to young statesmen and nobility. In the present day, however, a sophist refers to someone, such as a jew, who deliberately argues using fallacious arguments or reasoning, in...")
• 21:45, 19 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Pirsig's metaphysics of Quality (Created page with "'''The Metaphysics of Quality''' is a theory of reality introduced in Robert Pirsig's philosophical novel, ''Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance'' and expanded in '. The MoQ incorporates facets of Sophism, East Asian philosophy, pragmatism, the work of F. S. C. Northrop, and American indian philosophy. Pirsig argues that the MoQ is a better lens through which to view reality than the subjective/objective mindset that Pirsig attributes to Aristotle...")
• 18:20, 19 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Relativism (Created page with "'''Relativism''' is a family of philosophical views which deny claims to objectivity within a particular domain and assert that facts in that domain are relative to the perspective of an observer or the context in which they are assessed.<ref>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/relativism/] "The label “relativism” has been attached to a wide range of ideas and positions which may explain the lack of consensus on how the term s...")
• 18:12, 19 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Subjectivism (Created page with "'''Subjectivism''' is the philosophical tenet that "our own mental activity is the only unquestionable fact of our experience".<ref name="Richardson1983p553"/> The success of this position is historically attributed to Descartes and his methodic doubt.<ref name="Richardson1983p553"/> Subjectivism accords primacy to subjective experience as fundamental of all measure and law. In extreme forms like Solipsism, it may hold that the nature and existence of every o...")
• 17:59, 19 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Substance theory (Created page with "'''Substances''' are a particular kind of basic entity, and some philosophical theories acknowledge them and others do not. On this use, Hume’s impressions and ideas are not substances, even though they are the building blocks of—what constitutes ‘being’ for—his world. According to this usage, it is a live issue whether the fundamental entities are substances or something else, such as events, or properties located at space-times. This conception of substan...")
• 16:49, 19 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Entropy (Created page with "'''Entropy''' is a scientific concept, one of the unbreakable universal laws of nature, and a measurable physical property, that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. In layman's terms, it says that all things eventually break down, and in order to create new things, other things must be broken down to compensate. The term and the concept are used in diverse fields, from classical thermodynamics, where it was first recognized,...")
• 16:36, 19 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Emergentism (Created page with "In philosophy, '''emergentism''' is the belief in emergence, particularly as it involves consciousness and the philosophy of mind, and as it contrasts with reductionism. A property of a system is said to be emergent if it is more than the sum of the properties of the system's parts. Emergentism involves a layered view of nature, with the layers arranged in terms of increasing complexity and each corresponding to its own special science, as evolution does, ig...")
• 16:26, 19 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Creationism (Created page with "'''Creationism''' (::Lat. creatio:') in the widest sense, is the 0hilosophy and doctrine that the material of the universe was created by God out of no pre-existing subject. It is thus opposed to all forms of Pantheism. Category:Definitions Category:Philosophy Category:Religion")
• 16:20, 19 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Emanationism (Created page with "'''Emanationism''' is an idea in the cosmology or cosmogony of certain religious or philosophical systems. Emanation, from the Latin emanare meaning "to flow from" or "to pour forth or out of", is the mode by which all things are derived from the first reality, or principle. All things are derived from the first reality or perfect God by steps of degradation to lesser degrees of the first reality or God, and at every step the emanating beings are less pure, less...")
• 15:41, 19 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs unblocked #78
• 15:36, 19 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs changed block settings for Confederazi talk contribs with an expiration time of indefinite (account creation disabled, email disabled, cannot edit own talk page)
• 22:19, 18 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Dialetheism (Created page with "'''Dialetheism''' is the view that some statements can be both true and false simultaneously. More precisely, it is the belief that there can be a true statement whose negation is also true. Such statements are called "true contradictions", ''dialetheia'', or nondualisms. Dialetheism is not a system of formal logic; instead, it is a thesis about truth that influences the construction of a formal logic, often based on pre-existing systems. Introducing dialetheism has...")
• 14:38, 18 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Essentialism (Created page with "'''Philosophical essentialism''' is the idea that the nature of things is invariable and constant. ''Essentialism'' posits that one must be able to describe an entity according to that which is required, or essential, to its nature and existence. The bird is perhaps a helpful example. One may ask what is essential to being a bird. Is it flying ability? No, flying is not essential to being a bird because there are certain birds that don’t fly (ostrich, emu, penguin...")
• 13:51, 18 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Philosophies (Redirected page to Philosophy) Tag: New redirect
• 18:41, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Libertarian (Redirected page to Libertarianism) Tag: New redirect
• 18:39, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Free will (Created page with "'''Free will''' is the capacity of the ability to choose between different possible courses of action unimpeded. Free will is closely linked to the concepts of moral responsibility, praise, culpability, sin, and other judgements which apply only to actions that are freely chosen. It is also connected with the concepts of advice, persuasion, deliberation, and prohibition. Traditionally, only actions that are freely willed are seen as deserving credit or blame. Whether fre...")
• 18:33, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page René Descartes (Created page with "'''René Descartes''' was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, widely considered a seminal figure in the emergence of modern philosophy and science. Category:People Category:Artists Category:Philosophers Category:Scientists")
• 18:31, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Descartes (Redirected page to René Descartes) Tag: New redirect
• 18:28, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Cartesian dualism (Created page with "'''Cartesian dualism''' is simply Descartes concept of dualism. Descartes' famous saying epitomizes the dualism concept. He said, "cogito ergo sum," "I think therefore I am." Descartes held that the immaterial mind and the material body are two completely different types of substances and that they interact with each other. Category:Definitions Category:Philosophy")
• 18:25, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Absurdism (Created page with "'''Absurdism''' is related to existentialism and nihilism, and the term has its roots in the nineteenth century Danish philosopher, Søren Kierkegaard. Absurdism as a philosophical position was born out of the Existentialist movement when the French philosopher and writer Albert Camus broke from that philosophical line of thought and published his manuscript The Myth of Sisyphus. Category:Definitions Category:Philosophy")
• 18:19, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Philosophical realism (Created page with "'''Realism''', in philosophy, the viewpoint which accords to things which are known or perceived an existence or nature which is independent of whether anyone is thinking about or perceiving them. The history of philosophy is checkered with disputes between those who have defended forms of realism and those who have opposed them. Category:Definitions Category:Philosophy")
• 18:16, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs moved page Artistic Realism to Artistic realism
• 18:15, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Realism (Created page with "=Disambiguation= {{Disambig}} ''Realism'' could mean: * Philosophical realism * Artistic realism ")
• 18:11, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs moved page Realism to Artistic Realism without leaving a redirect
• 18:08, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Nihilism (Created page with "'''Nihilism''' (after ''Nihil'', meaning ''nothing'') is a philosophy, or family of views within philosophy, that rejects generally accepted or fundamental aspects of human existence, such as objective truth, knowledge, morality, values, or meaning. ")
• 18:03, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Buddhist idealism (Created page with "'''Idealism''' has been a prominent philosophical view in '''Indian Buddhist''' thought since the fourth century AD. It was a topic of considerable debate for centuries amongst Buddhist and non-Buddhist philosophers in India and Tibet. It also had a significant influence on the intellectual culture of China and Japan. Category:Definitions Category:Philosophy")
• 17:56, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Hindu idealism (Created page with "'''Hindu idealism''' in philosophy is a precursor of western idealism and the philosophical opposite of materialism. Idealism and materialism are the principal monist ontologies. This philosophy is the basis of the cosmology of the Vedas and most religions of India and the far east. A related branch is Buddhist idealism. Category:Definitions Category:Philosophy")
• 17:51, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Platonic idealism (Created page with "'''Platonic idealism''' is a theory in philosophy that the substantive reality around us is only a reflection of a higher truth. That truth, Plato argued, is the abstraction. He believed that ideas were more real than things. He developed a vision of two worlds: a world of unchanging ideas and a world of changing physical objects. Category:Definitions Category:Philosophy")
• 16:50, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Compatibilism (Created page with "'''Compatibilism''' offers a solution in philosophy to the free will problem, which concerns a disputed incompatibility between free will and determinism.Compatibilism is the thesis that free will is compatible with determinism. Because free will is typically taken to be a necessary condition of moral responsibility. Category:Definitions Category:Philosophy")
• 16:47, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Neutral monism (Created page with "'''Neutral monism''' is a monistic metaphysics. It holds that ultimate reality is all of one kind. To this extent neutral monism is in agreement with the more familiar versions of monism: idealism and materialism. Category:Definitions Category:Philosophy")
• 16:44, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Interactionism (Created page with "'''Interactionism''', in Cartesian philosophy and the philosophy of mind, those dualistic theories that hold that mind and body, though separate and distinct substances, causally interact. Interactionists assert that a mental event, as when John Doe wills to kick a brick wall, can be the cause of a physical action, his leg and foot moving into the wall. Conversely, the physical event of his foot hitting the wall can be the cause of the mental event of...")
• 16:40, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Identity theory (Created page with "'''Identity theory''' in philosophy is the portion of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group. As originally formulated by social psychologists Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s and the 1980s, social identity theory introduced the concept of a social identity as a way in which to explain intergroup behaviour. "Social identity theory explores the phenomenon of the 'ingroup' and 'outgroup', and is...")
• 14:54, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Functionalism (Created page with "{{Nopic}} '''Funtionalism is the fascist belief that society is based on shared values and is held up by social institutions fulfilling a set function in it? Then you belong to the sociological perspective known as '''functionalism'''. Many famous sociologists believed in the functionalist theory, including Émile Durkheim and Talcott Parsons. ==Definition of functionalism== Functionalism is a key '''consensus theory'''. It places importance on our shared no...")
• 14:05, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Epiphenomenalism (Created page with "'''Epiphenomenalism''' is a position on the mind–body problem which holds that physical and biochemical events within the human body are causal with respect to mental events. According to this view, subjective mental events are completely dependent for their existence on corresponding physical and biochemical events within the human body yet themselves have no causal efficacy on physical events. The appearance that subjective mental states influence physical events is...")
• 14:00, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Cognitive science (Created page with "'''Cognitive science''' is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes with input from linguistics, psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, computer science/artificial intelligence, and anthropology. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition. Cognitive scientists study intelligence and behavior, with a focus on how nervous systems represent, process, and transform information. Mental faculties of concern to cognitive sc...")
• 13:54, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Enactivism (Created page with "'''Enactivism''' is a position in cognitive science that argues that cognition arises through a dynamic interaction between an acting organism and its environment. It claims that the environment of an organism is brought about, or enacted, by the active exercise of that organism's sensorimotor processes. "The key point, then, is that the species brings forth and specifies its own domain of problems...this domain does not exist "out there" in an environment that acts...")
• 13:51, 17 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Emergent materialism (Created page with "In the philosophy of mind, '''emergent materialism''' is a theory which asserts that the mind is irreducibly existent in some sense. However, the mind does not exist in the sense of being an ontological simple. Further, the study of mental phenomena is independent of other sciences. The theory primarily maintains that the human mind's evolution is a product of material nature and that it cannot exist without material basis. Category:Definitions Category:Ph...")
• 22:54, 16 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Philosophy of mind (Created page with "'''Philosophy of mind''' is a branch of philosophy that studies the ontology and nature of the mind and its relationship with the body. The mind–body problem is a paradigmatic issue in philosophy of mind, although a number of other issues are addressed, such as the hard problem of consciousness and the nature of particular mental states. Aspects of the mind that are studied include mental events, mental functions, mental properties, consciousness and its ne...")
• 22:49, 16 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Materialist (Redirected page to Materialism) Tag: New redirect
• 22:48, 16 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Eliminative materialism (Created page with "'''Eliminative materialism''' is a materialist position in the philosophy of mind. It is the idea that the majority of the mental states in folk psychology do not exist. Some supporters of eliminativism argue that no coherent neural basis will be found for many everyday psychological concepts such as belief or desire, since they are poorly defined. Rather, they argue that psychological concepts of behaviour and experience should be judged by how well they reduce...")
• 22:34, 16 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Disjunctivism (Created page with "'''Disjunctivism''' is a position in the philosophy of perception that rejects the existence of sense data in certain cases. The disjunction is between appearance and the reality behind the appearance "making itself perceptually manifest to someone." Veridical perceptions and hallucinations are not members of a common class of mental states or events. According to this theory, the only thing common to veridical perceptions and hallucinations is that in both cases, th...")
• 22:26, 16 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Consciousness (Created page with "'''Consciousness''', at its simplest, is sentience and awareness of internal and external existence. However, the lack of definitions has led to millennia of analyses, explanations and debates by philosophers, theologians, linguists, and scientists. Opinions differ about what exactly needs to be studied or even considered consciousness. In some explanations, it is synonymous with the mind, and at other times, an aspect of mind. In the past, it was one's...")
• 22:22, 16 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Biological naturalism (Created page with "'''Biological naturalism''' is a theory about, among other things, the relationship between consciousness and body, and hence an approach to the mind–body problem. It was first proposed by the philosopher John Searle in 1980 and is defined by two main theses: 1 all mental phenomena from pains, tickles, and itches to the most abstruse thoughts are caused by lower-level neurobiological processes in the brain; and 2 mental phenomena are higher-level features of the br...")
• 22:18, 16 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Behaviourism (Created page with "'''Behaviorism''' is a systematic approach to the philosophy of understanding the behavior of humans and other animals. It assumes that behavior is either a reflex evoked by the pairing of certain antecedent stimuli in the environment, or a consequence of that individual's history, including especially reinforcement and punishment contingencies, together with the individual's current motivational state and controlling stimuli. Although behaviorists generally accept t...")