Dietrich Eckart
| Dietrich Eckart | |
|---|---|
| File:Dietrich Eckart by Alfred Rosenberg.jpg | |
| Born | 23 March 1868 Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz, Kingdom of Bavaria |
| Died | 26 December 1923 (aged 55) Berchtesgaden, Bavaria, Weimar Germany |
| Spouse | Rosa Marx (née Wiedeburg; rich widow) (m. 1913; div. 1921) |
Dietrich Eckart (23 March 1868 – 26 December 1923) was a German poet, playwright, and journalist. He was early member of the National Socialist German Worker's Party and a participant of the 1923 Munich Putsch. An anti-Semite, a critic of the Weimar Republic, and a proponent of the stab-in-the-back theory, Eckart is stated to have had an influence on Adolf Hitler. He has been variously described as a "Christian fascist" and/or as having been influenced by various esoteric views, including the Thule Society, although not a member.
Life
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Eckart was born in Neumarkt, Germany (near Nuremberg) in 1868, the son of a royal notary and lawyer. His mother died when he was ten years old; in 1895, his father died also, leaving him a considerable amount of money that Eckart soon spent.
Eckart initially studied medicine in Munich, but quit in 1891 to work as a poet, playwright and journalist. He moved to Berlin in 1899, where he wrote a number of plays, often autobiographical; however, despite becoming the protégé of Georg Graf von Hülsen-Haeseler (1858–1922), the artistic director of the royal theatre, he was not very successful as a playwright.
Later on, he developed an ideology of a "genius higher human", based on writings by Lanz von Liebenfels; he saw himself following the tradition of Arthur Schopenhauer and Angelus Silesius. He also became fascinated by the Buddhist doctrine of Maya (illusion). Eckart loved and strongly identified with Henrik Ibsen's Peer Gynt, but never had much sympathy for the scientific method. He was an occultist, interested in Germanic mythology and magic.
Between 1918 and 1920, Eckart edited the anti-semitic periodical Auf gut Deutsch, published along with Alfred Rosenberg and Gottfried Feder. A fierce critic of the Weimar Republic, he vehemently opposed the Treaty of Versailles, which he viewed as treason, and believed the Social Democrats and Jews were to blame for Germany's defeat in World War I.
Eckart was involved in founding the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (German Workers' Party) together with Gottfried Feder and Anton Drexler in 1919, later renamed the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers' Party, NSDAP); he was the original publisher of the NSDAP newspaper, the Völkischer Beobachter.
Eckart met Adolf Hitler during a speech he gave before party members on 14 August 1919. He exerted considerable influence on Hitler in the following years and is strongly believed to have established the theories and beliefs of the National Socialist party. It was Eckart who introduced Alfred Rosenberg to Adolf Hitler.
Between 1920-1923, Eckart and Rosenberg labored tirelessly in the service of Hitler and the party. Through Rosenberg, Hitler was introduced to the writings of Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Rosenberg's inspiration. Rosenberg edited the Münchener Beobachter, a party newspaper, originally owned by the Thule Society. In the pages of the Münchener Beobachter, Rosenberg published the Protocols of the Elders of Zion.
In 1921, Eckart promised a reward of 1,000 Reichsmarks to anyone who could name a German Jewish family whose sons had been at the front as members of the Imperial German Army for more than three weeks. The Chief Rabbi Samuel Freund from Hanover named 20 Jewish families to whom this applied and sued Eckart when he refused the reward. In the process, Freund named another 50 Jewish families with up to seven veterans, including several who had lost up to three sons in the war. Eckart lost the process and had to pay.
In March 1923, Eckart was to appear in court for slander against Reichspräsident Friedrich Ebert. He escaped by fleeing to the Obersalzberg. He received support from Christian Weber, who was a friend of Bruno Büchner, the landlord of Pension Moritz, and the SA leader Ernst Röhm, staff captain of the Bavarian army. Röhm finally organized Eckart's escape to Berchtesgaden. Eckart and Hitler frequented the Obersalzberg under code names (Dr. Hoffmann and Herr Wolf).
On 9 November 1923, Eckart was involved in the Munich Putsch; he was arrested and placed in Landsberg Prison along with Hitler and other party officials, but released shortly due to illness.
In 1925, Eckart's unfinished essay Der Bolschewismus von Moses bis Lenin: Zwiegespräch zwischen Hitler und mir ("Bolshevism from Moses to Lenin: Dialogues Between Hitler and Me") was published posthumously.
Party anthem
Eckart was the lyricist of the party anthem Deutschland erwache ("Germany Awake").
Death
Eckart died in Berchtesgaden on 26 December 1923 of a heart attack. He was buried in Berchtesgaden's old cemetery, not far from the eventual graves of NSDAP official Hans-Heinrich Lammers and his wife and daughter. Hitler dedicated the second volume of Mein Kampf to him, writing that Eckart was
- "one of the best, who devoted his life to the awakening of our people, in his writings and his thoughts and finally in his deeds."
Quotes
- "We have all moved forward since then, that's why we don't see what [Eckart] used to be back then: a polar star. The writings of all others were filled with platitudes, but if he told you off: such wit! I was a mere infant then in terms of style." – Hitler in 1942; He later told one of his secretaries that his friendship with Eckart was "one of the best things he experienced in the 1920s" and that he never again had a friend with whom he felt such "a harmony of thinking and feeling."
Gallery
- Das Grab des Verlegers und Publizisten Dietrich Eckart auf dem Friedhof in Berchtesgaden.jpg
- Hitlergruss-am-Grab-von-Dietrich-Eckart-1935.jpg
- Dietrich Eckart (Denkmal, Neumarkt).jpg
- Dietrich Eckart (medal).jpg
Writings (selection)
- Bolshevism From Moses To Lenin: A Dialogue Between Adolf Hitler and Me, 1923/25, translated from the German by William L. Pierce (also as an audiobook spoken by John de Nugent)
Further reading
- Hans Karbe: Die Dietrich-Eckart-Bühne als neue Ausdrucksform der Theaterkunst, in: "Die Bühne" 14/15 (1936), S. 468–472
- Achim Feldmann: Eine Medaille auf das Denkmal für Dietrich Eckart in der Gemeinde Bichl (Oberbayern), gestaltet 1934 von dem Bildhauer Karl May, 2015
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