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'''Richard Walther Oscar Darré''' (b. 14 July 1895; d. 5 September 1953) was a [[Germans|German]] officer of the [[Imperial German Army]], the [[Freikorps]] and the [[Schutzstaffel|SS]], at last [[SS-Obergruppenführer]] as well as ''Diplom-Kolonialwirt'' (colonial economist) since autumn 1920,<ref>Some sources claim, the title ''Diplom-Kolonialwirt'' was given to him 1930 on application backdated to 1920.</ref> ''Diplom-Landwirt'' (agronomist) since 1925 and one of the  leading [[National Socialism|National Socialist]] "[[blood and soil]]" (German: ''Blut und Boden'') ideologists.  He served as Reich Minister of Food and [[Agriculture]] (''Reichsminister für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft'') and Reich Farmers' Leader ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Reichsbauernf%C3%BChrer ''Reichsbauernführer'']) from 1933 to 1942.  
'''Richard Walther Oscar Darré''' (b. 14 July 1895; d. 5 September 1953) was a [[Germans|German]] officer of the [[Imperial German Army]], the [[Freikorps]] and the [[Schutzstaffel|SS]], at last [[SS-Obergruppenführer]] as well as ''Diplom-Kolonialwirt'' (colonial economist) since autumn 1920,<ref>Some sources claim, the title ''Diplom-Kolonialwirt'' was given to him 1930 on application backdated to 1920.</ref> ''Diplom-Landwirt'' (agronomist) since 1925 and one of the  leading [[National Socialism|National Socialist]] "[[blood and soil]]" ([[German]]: ''Blut und Boden'') ideologists.  He served as Reich Minister of Food and [[Agriculture]] (''Reichsminister für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft'') and Reich Farmers' Leader ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Reichsbauernf%C3%BChrer ''Reichsbauernführer'']) from 1933 to 1942.  


Darré was not part of the first coalition government headed by Hitler. However, on 29 June 1933, shortly after the approval by the German Parliament of the Enabling Act of 23 March, he became Reich Minister of Food and Agriculture, succeeding DNVP leader Alfred Hugenberg, who had resigned.  
Darré was not part of the first coalition [[government]] headed by [[Hitler]]. However, on 29 June 1933, shortly after the approval by the German Parliament of the [[Enabling Act]] of 23 March, he became Reich Minister of Food and Agriculture, succeeding DNVP leader Alfred Hugenberg, who had resigned.  


==Life==
==Life==
[[File:Richard Walther Darré II.jpg|thumb|305px|Darré as a member of the [[NSDAP]] and {{SS}}; As a newly-appointed administrator of the SS Race and Settlement Main Office, he assisted in formulating plans for the expansion of farming in a German-dominated Europe. He also founded the [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Reichsn%C3%A4hrstand Reichsnährstand]  to regulate food production in the Third Reich.]]
[[File:Richard Walther Darré II.jpg|thumb|305px|Darré as a member of the [[NSDAP]] and {{SS}}; As a newly-appointed administrator of the SS [[Race]] and Settlement Main Office, he assisted in formulating plans for the expansion of farming in a German-dominated [[Europe]]. He also founded the [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Reichsn%C3%A4hrstand Reichsnährstand]  to regulate food production in the [[Third Reich]].]]
[[File:Empfang-der-Bauern-am-Hochzeits-Vorabend-von-Emmi-Sonnemann-und-Hermann-Goering-im-Preußenhaus, SS-Sturmbanführer Peuckert with Goering, Darre, etc.jpg|thumb|305px|Reception of the farmers on the eve of the wedding of Emmi Sonnemann and Hermann Göring in the ''Preußenhaus'' (the former Prussian Ministry of War, Berlin-Wilhelmstraße) on 2 May 1935. From left to center: Walther Darré, [[Hermann Göring]], Emmi Sonnemann and SS-Sturmbanführer [[Rudi Peuckert]].]]
[[File:Empfang-der-Bauern-am-Hochzeits-Vorabend-von-Emmi-Sonnemann-und-Hermann-Goering-im-Preußenhaus, SS-Sturmbanführer Peuckert with Goering, Darre, etc.jpg|thumb|305px|Reception of the farmers on the eve of the wedding of Emmi Sonnemann and Hermann Göring in the ''Preußenhaus'' (the former Prussian Ministry of War, Berlin-Wilhelmstraße) on 2 May 1935. From left to center: Walther Darré, [[Hermann Göring]], Emmi Sonnemann and SS-Sturmbanführer [[Rudi Peuckert]].]]
[[File:Anna Koppitz.jpg|thumb|305px|Pictures by Anna Koppitz for Darré<ref>[https://archive.org/details/thepropagandaphotographyofannakoppitz The Propaganda Photography of Anna Koppitz]</ref>]]  
[[File:Anna Koppitz.jpg|thumb|305px|Pictures by Anna Koppitz for Darré<ref>[https://archive.org/details/thepropagandaphotographyofannakoppitz The Propaganda Photography of Anna Koppitz]</ref>]]  
[[File:Adolf Hitler and Richard Walther Darré, (Hoffmann photograph).jpg|thumb|305px|[[Adolf Hitler]] and Darré ([[Heinrich Hoffmann (photographer)|Hoffmann photograph]])]]
[[File:Adolf Hitler and Richard Walther Darré, (Hoffmann photograph).jpg|thumb|305px|[[Adolf Hitler]] and Darré ([[Heinrich Hoffmann (photographer)|Hoffmann photograph]])]]
===Early life===
===Early life===
Darré was born in Belgrano,<ref name=Bramwell>''Blood and Soil: Richard Walther Darré and Hitler's 'Green Party''', Anna Bramwell (Kensal Press, 1985, ISBN 0-946041-33-4)</ref> a [[Buenos Aires]] neighbourhood, in [[Argentina]] to Richard Oscar Darré, a German with [[Huguenot]] ancestry, (born 10 March 1854, [[Berlin]]; died 20 February 1929, [[Wiesbaden]])<ref name="erziehung">Richard Darré, ''Meine Erziehung im Elternhause und durch das Leben'', Wiesbaden, 1925</ref><ref>Bramwell gives the middle name as "Oskar".</ref> and the half-[[Sweden|Swedish]]/half-German Emilie Bertha (''Emilia Berta'') Eleonore, née Lagergren (born 23 July 1872, [[Buenos Aires]]; died 18 July 1936, [[Bad Pyrmont]]), daughter of Theodor Erik Lagergren, born 1839 in Glömminge, Sweden, and Josephine/Josefina Margarete Thole, born 1841 in Haselünne, Lower Saxony, Germany. He had three siblings:
Darré was born in Belgrano,<ref [[name]]=Bramwell>''Blood and Soil: Richard Walther Darré and Hitler's 'Green Party''', Anna Bramwell (Kensal Press, 1985, ISBN 0-946041-33-4)</ref> a [[Buenos Aires]] neighbourhood, in [[Argentina]] to Richard Oscar Darré, a German with [[Huguenot]] ancestry, (born 10 March 1854, [[Berlin]]; died 20 February 1929, [[Wiesbaden]])<ref name="erziehung">Richard Darré, ''Meine Erziehung im Elternhause und durch das Leben'', Wiesbaden, 1925</ref><ref>Bramwell gives the middle name as "Oskar".</ref> and the half-[[Sweden|Swedish]]/half-German Emilie Bertha (''Emilia Berta'') Eleonore, née Lagergren (born 23 July 1872, [[Buenos Aires]]; died 18 July 1936, [[Bad Pyrmont]]), daughter of Theodor Erik Lagergren, born 1839 in Glömminge, Sweden, and Josephine/Josefina Margarete Thole, born 1841 in Haselünne, Lower Saxony, Germany. He had three siblings:


* Ilse Margarethe Irene (1900-1985; married to Manfred von Knobelsdorff, 1892–1965)
* Ilse Margarethe Irene (1900-1985; married to Manfred von Knobelsdorff, 1892–1965)
* Erna Carmen Mercedes (1901-1991; married to Albert)
* Erna Carmen Mercedes (1901-1991; married to Albert)
* Erich Albert Adolf (b. 9 August 1902 in Belgrano near Buenos Aires; d. 1970s in Bad Harzburg)
* Erich Albert [[Adolf]] (b. 9 August 1902 in Belgrano near Buenos Aires; d. 1970s in Bad Harzburg)
** From March 1934 until the end of the [[Second World War]], Erich Darré was managing director and publishing director of ''Reichsnahrstand Verlags GmbH'' in Berlin and ''Blut und Boden Verlag GmbH'' in Goslar. From 14 July 1934 to 10 April 1935, he was also head of the independent main archive department in the Race and Settlement Main Office. On 13 September 1936 he was promoted to [[SS-Sturmbannführer]]. He was a witness during the Nuremberg Trials. He and his wife Liselotte had two children (Einar and Eike).
** From March 1934 until the end of the [[Second World War]], Erich Darré was managing director and publishing director of ''Reichsnahrstand Verlags GmbH'' in Berlin and ''Blut und Boden Verlag GmbH'' in Goslar. From 14 July 1934 to 10 April 1935, he was also head of the independent main archive department in the Race and Settlement Main Office. On 13 September 1936 he was promoted to [[SS-Sturmbannführer]]. He was a witness during the [[Nuremberg]] Trials. He and his wife Liselotte had two children (Einar and Eike).


He was baptised with the name "Richard" (written in Spanish as ''Ricardo''); the second name "Walther" was later added to differentiate him from his father, also named Richard, and he became known by this name in political life, though he continued to sign his name as either "Richard Walther" or "R. Walther"
He was baptised with the name "Richard" (written in Spanish as ''Ricardo''); the second name "Walther" was later added to differentiate him from his father, also named Richard, and he became known by this name in [[political]] life, though he continued to sign his name as either "Richard Walther" or "R. Walther"


His father moved to [[Argentina]] in 1888 as a partner of the German international import/export wholesaler Engelbert Hardt & Co.<ref name="erziehung"/>  Although his parents' marriage was not a happy one (Richard Walther remembered his father as a hard drinker and a womanizer<ref>Letter to his wife Alma as quoted by Bramwell.</ref>), they lived prosperously, and educated their children privately, until they were forced to return to Germany as a result of worsening international relations in the years preceding [[World War I]]. Darré gained fluency in four languages: [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[German language|German]], English, and [[French language|French]].
His father moved to [[Argentina]] in 1888 as a partner of the German international import/export wholesaler Engelbert Hardt & Co.<ref name="erziehung"/>  Although his parents' marriage was not a happy one (Richard Walther remembered his father as a hard drinker and a womanizer<ref>Letter to his wife Alma as quoted by Bramwell.</ref>), they lived prosperously, and educated their children privately, until they were forced to return to Germany as a result of worsening international relations in the years preceding [[World War I]]. Darré gained fluency in four languages: [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[German language|German]], English, and [[French language|French]].
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After a single term at Witzenhausen, he volunteered for army service. He was lightly wounded a number of times while serving during [[World War I]], but fared better than most of his contemporaries. When the war ended he contemplated returning to Argentina for a life of farming, but the family's weakening financial position during the years of inflation made this impossible. Instead he returned to Witzenhausen to continue his studies at the ''Kolonialschule''. He then obtained unpaid work as a farm assistant in [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)|Pomerania]]: his observation of the treatment of returning German soldiers there influenced his later writings.
After a single term at Witzenhausen, he volunteered for army service. He was lightly wounded a number of times while serving during [[World War I]], but fared better than most of his contemporaries. When the war ended he contemplated returning to Argentina for a life of farming, but the family's weakening financial position during the years of inflation made this impossible. Instead he returned to Witzenhausen to continue his studies at the ''Kolonialschule''. He then obtained unpaid work as a farm assistant in [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)|Pomerania]]: his observation of the treatment of returning German soldiers there influenced his later writings.


In 1922 he moved to the [[University of Halle]] to continue his studies: here he took an agricultural degree, specialising in animal breeding. He did not complete his PhD studies until 1929, at the comparatively mature age of 34. During these years he spent some time working in [[East Prussia]] and [[Finland]].
In 1922 he moved to the [[University of Halle]] to continue his studies: here he took an agricultural degree, specialising in animal breeding. He did not complete his PhD studies until 1929, at the comparatively mature age of 34. During these years he spent some [[time]] working in [[East Prussia]] and [[Finland]].


===Political awakening===
===Political awakening===
[[File:Richard Walther Darré III.png|thumb|305px|Post-war propaganda with wrong death date]]
[[File:Richard Walther Darré III.png|thumb|305px|Post-war propaganda with wrong death date]]
As a young man in Germany, Darré initially joined the [[Artaman League]] ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Artamanen de]), a ''[[Völkisch movement|Völkisch]]'' youth group committed to the [[back-to-the-land movement]].<ref name="pringle40">[[Heather Pringle]], ''The Master Plan:  Himmler's Scholars and the Holocaust'', p40 ISBN 0-7868-6886-4</ref> Against this backdrop Darré began to develop the idea that the future of the [[Nordic race]] was linked to the soil in what came to be known as "''[[Blut und Boden]]''". Here "Blut" (blood) represents race or ancestry, while "Boden" can be translated as soil, territory, or land. The essence of the theory was the mutual and long-term relationship between a people and the land that it occupies and cultivates.
As a young man in Germany, Darré initially joined the [[Artaman League]] ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Artamanen de]), a ''[[Völkisch movement|Völkisch]]'' youth group committed to the [[back-to-the-land movement]].<ref name="pringle40">[[Heather Pringle]], ''The Master Plan:  Himmler's Scholars and the [[Holohoax]]'', p40 ISBN 0-7868-6886-4</ref> Against this backdrop Darré began to develop the [[idea]] that the future of the [[Nordic race]] was linked to the soil in what came to be known as "''[[Blut und Boden]]''". Here "Blut" (blood) represents race or ancestry, while "Boden" can be translated as soil, territory, or land. The essence of the [[theory]] was the mutual and long-term relationship between a [[people]] and the land that it occupies and cultivates.


Darré's first political article (1926) was on the subject of ''Internal Colonisation'', which argued against Germany attempting to regain the lost colonies. Most of his writing at this time, however, was on technical aspects of animal breeding. His first book, ''Das Bauerntum als Lebensquell der nordischen Rasse'' ('Peasantry as the life-source of the Nordic Race'), was written in 1928.<ref name="before103">Barbara Miller Lane, Leila J. Rupp, ''National Socialist Ideology Before 1933: A Documentation'' p. 103 ISBN 0-292-75512-0</ref>  It asserted that German farms had previously been bestowed on one son, the strongest, ensuring the best were farmers, but partible inheritance had destroyed that.<ref name="pringle40"/>  The ancient tradition had to be restored, as well as serious efforts made to restore the purity of Nordic blood, including exterminating the sick and impure.<ref name="pringle40"/>
Darré's first political article (1926) was on the [[subject]] of ''Internal Colonisation'', which argued against Germany attempting to regain the lost colonies. Most of his writing at this time, however, was on technical aspects of animal breeding. His first book, ''Das Bauerntum als Lebensquell der nordischen Rasse'' ('Peasantry as the life-source of the Nordic Race'), was written in 1928.<ref name="before103">Barbara Miller Lane, Leila J. Rupp, ''National [[Socialist]] [[Ideology]] Before 1933: A Documentation'' p. 103 ISBN 0-292-75512-0</ref>  It asserted that German farms had previously been bestowed on one son, the strongest, ensuring the best were farmers, but partible inheritance had destroyed that.<ref name="pringle40"/>  The ancient [[tradition]] had to be restored, as well as serious efforts made to restore the purity of Nordic blood, including exterminating the sick and impure.<ref name="pringle40"/>


In her biography of him, Anna Bramwell interprets his writing as an early example of "Green" or Conservationist thinking: he advocated more natural methods of land management, placing emphasis on the conservation of forests, and demanded more open-space and air in the raising of farm animals. Those who heard and heeded Darré's arguments included [[Heinrich Himmler]], himself one of the Artamans.<ref name="pringle40"/> Darré's work also glorified "peasant virtues" - as found in the remnants of the Nordics who lived in the country - and disparged city living.<ref name="before103"/>
In her biography of him, Anna Bramwell interprets his writing as an early example of "Green" or Conservationist thinking: he advocated more [[natural]] methods of land management, placing emphasis on the conservation of forests, and demanded more open-space and air in the raising of farm animals. Those who heard and heeded Darré's arguments included [[Heinrich Himmler]], himself one of the Artamans.<ref name="pringle40"/> Darré's work also glorified "peasant virtues" - as found in the remnants of the Nordics who lived in the country - and disparged city living.<ref name="before103"/>


: ''"In his two major works, he defined the German peasantry as a homogeneous racial group of Nordic antecedents, who formed the cultural and racial core of the German nation. [..] Since the Nordic birth-rate was lower than that of other races, the [[Nordic race]] was under a long-term threat of extinction."<ref name=Bramwell/>
: ''"In his two major works, he defined the German peasantry as a homogeneous racial group of Nordic antecedents, who formed the cultural and racial core of the German [[nation]]. [..] Since the Nordic birth-rate was lower than that of other races, the [[Nordic race]] was under a long-term threat of extinction."<ref name=Bramwell/>


In 1928/29, he was agricultural expert at the German Embassy in [[Riga]]. He founded the monthly magazine "Deutsche Agrarpolitik" in 1932 (from Apil 1934 [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Odal_%E2%80%93_Monatsschrift_f%C3%BCr_Blut_und_Boden "Odal"]).
In 1928/29, he was agricultural expert at the German Embassy in [[Riga]]. He founded the monthly magazine "Deutsche Agrarpolitik" in 1932 (from Apil 1934 [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Odal_%E2%80%93_Monatsschrift_f%C3%BCr_Blut_und_Boden "Odal"]).
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===As a National Socialist Party member===
===As a National Socialist Party member===


After [[Paul Schultze-Naumburg]] had introduced him to [[Adolf Hitler]], Darré in July 1930 joined the [[National Socialist Party]] and the ''[[Schutzstaffel|SS]]''. Darré's NSDAP number was 248,256 and his SS number was 6,882.<ref>Biondi, Robert, ed., ''SS Officers List: SS-Standartenführer to SS-Oberstgruppenführer'' (As of 30 January 1942), Schiffer Military History Publishing, 2000, p. 7</ref> Darré went on to become an active National Socialist ''[[Reichsleiter]]'' and to set up an agrarian political apparatus to recruit farmers into the party. Darré saw three main roles for this apparatus: to exploit unrest in the countryside as a weapon against the urban government; to win over the peasants as staunch National Socialist supporters; to gain a constituency of people who could be used as settlers to displace the [[Slavs]] in future conquests in the East.  
After [[Paul Schultze-Naumburg]] had introduced him to [[Adolf Hitler]], Darré in July 1930 joined the [[National Socialist Party]] and the ''[[Schutzstaffel|SS]]''. Darré's NSDAP number was 248,256 and his SS number was 6,882.<ref>Biondi, Robert, ed., ''SS Officers List: SS-Standartenführer to SS-Oberstgruppenführer'' (As of 30 January 1942), Schiffer Military [[History]] Publishing, 2000, p. 7</ref> Darré went on to become an active [[National Socialist]] ''[[Reichsleiter]]'' and to set up an agrarian political apparatus to recruit farmers into the party. Darré saw three main roles for this apparatus: to exploit unrest in the countryside as a weapon against the urban government; to win over the peasants as staunch National Socialist supporters; to gain a constituency of people who could be used as settlers to displace the [[Slavs]] in future conquests in the East.  


On 1 January 1932 he became head or leader (leiter) of the newly established [[SS-Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt|''SS'' Race and Settlement Main Office]] (''Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt'' or ''RuSHA''), in the rank of a ''[[SS-Gruppenführer]]''. On 10 May 1935, Heinrich Himmler named him ''Chef'' (chief) of the RuSHA with effect from 30 January 1935.
On 1 January 1932 he became head or leader (leiter) of the newly established [[SS-Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt|''SS'' Race and Settlement Main Office]] (''Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt'' or ''RuSHA''), in the rank of a ''[[SS-Gruppenführer]]''. On 10 May 1935, Heinrich Himmler named him ''Chef'' (chief) of the RuSHA with effect from 30 January 1935.


In his religious views, Dárre would belong to the [[pagan]]ist faction within the National Socialist movement; however, unlike [[Heinrich Himmler]] and [[Alfred Rosenberg]], he has not become a figure of interest in the speculation about [[National Socialist occultism]].<ref>Hakl, H. T. ''Nationalsozialismus und Okkultismus''. {{de icon}} In: Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke: Die okkulten Wurzeln des Nationalsozialismus. Graz, Austria: Stocker (German edition of [[The Occult Roots of National Socialism]], 1997, p. 197. An English translation of this essay is available.</ref>  
In his [[religious]] views, Dárre would belong to the [[pagan]]ist faction within the National Socialist movement; however, unlike [[Heinrich Himmler]] and [[Alfred Rosenberg]], he has not become a figure of interest in the speculation about [[National Socialist occultism]].<ref>Hakl, H. T. ''Nationalsozialismus und Okkultismus''. {{de icon}} In: Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke: Die okkulten Wurzeln des Nationalsozialismus. Graz, Austria: Stocker (German edition of [[The Occult Roots of National Socialism]], 1997, p. 197. An English translation of this essay is available.</ref>  


Darré's works were primarily concerned with the ancient and present [[Nordic]] peasantry (the ideology of [[Blood and soil]]): within this context, he made an explicit attack against [[Christianity]]. In his two main works (''Das Bauerntum als Lebensquell der Nordischen Rasse'', Munich, 1929 and ''Neuadel aus Blut und Boden'', Munich, 1930), Darré accused Christianity, with its "teaching of the equality of men before God," of having "deprived the Teutonic nobility of its moral foundations", the "innate sense of superiority over the nomadic tribes".<ref>[[Richard Steigmann-Gall|Steigmann-Gall, Richard]], ''The Holy Reich: National Socialist Conceptions of Christianity, 1919-1945'', 2003, p. 103</ref> Since 31 July 1932, he was also a member of the Reichstag.
Darré's works were primarily concerned with the ancient and present [[Nordic]] peasantry (the ideology of [[Blood and soil]]): within this context, he made an explicit [[attack]] against [[Christianity]]. In his two main works (''Das Bauerntum als Lebensquell der Nordischen Rasse'', Munich, 1929 and ''Neuadel aus Blut und Boden'', Munich, 1930), Darré accused Christianity, with its "teaching of the [[equality]] of men before God," of having "deprived the Teutonic nobility of its [[moral]] foundations", the "innate sense of superiority over the nomadic tribes".<ref>[[Richard Steigmann-Gall|Steigmann-Gall, Richard]], ''The Holy Reich: National Socialist Conceptions of Christianity, 1919-1945'', 2003, p. 103</ref> Since 31 July 1932, he was also a member of the [[Reichstag]].


Soon after the National Socialists [[Machtergreifung|came to power]] in 1933, Darré became Reich Minister of Food and Agriculture succeeding resigned [[German National People's Party|DNVP]] leader [[Alfred Hugenberg]], and ''Reichsbauernführer'' (usually translated as Reich Peasant Leader, though the word ''Bauer'' also denotes Farmer), serving from June 1933 to May 1942. He was instrumental in founding the National Socialist [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Reichsn%C3%A4hrstand ''Reichsnährstand''] corporation<ref name=Lovin>{{cite journal|last=Lovin|first=Clifford R.|title=Agricultural Reorganization in the Third Reich: The Reich Food Corporation (Reichsnahrstand), 1933-1936|journal=Agricultural History|year=1969|month=October|volume=43:4|pages=447–461|accessdate=14 February 2011}}</ref> as part of the ''[[Gleichschaltung]]'' process. Darré campaigned for big landowners to part with some of their land to create new farms, and promoted the controversial ''Reichserbhofgesetz'', which reformed the inheritance laws to prevent splitting up of farms into smaller units.
Soon after the National [[Socialists]] [[Machtergreifung|came to power]] in 1933, Darré became Reich Minister of Food and Agriculture succeeding resigned [[German National People's Party|DNVP]] leader [[Alfred Hugenberg]], and ''Reichsbauernführer'' (usually translated as Reich Peasant Leader, though the word ''Bauer'' also denotes Farmer), serving from June 1933 to May 1942. He was instrumental in founding the National Socialist [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Reichsn%C3%A4hrstand ''Reichsnährstand''] corporation<ref name=Lovin>{{cite journal|last=Lovin|first=Clifford R.|title=Agricultural Reorganization in the Third Reich: The Reich Food Corporation (Reichsnahrstand), 1933-1936|journal=Agricultural History|year=1969|month=October|volume=43:4|pages=447–461|accessdate=14 February 2011}}</ref> as part of the ''[[Gleichschaltung]]'' process. Darré campaigned for big landowners to part with some of their land to create new farms, and promoted the controversial ''Reichserbhofgesetz'', which reformed the inheritance laws to prevent splitting up of farms into smaller units.


He developed a plan for ''"Rasse und Raum"'' ("race and space", or territory) which provided the ideological background for the National Socialist expansive policy on behalf of the ''"[[Drang nach Osten]]''" ("Drive to the east") and of the "''[[Lebensraum]]''" ("Living space") theory expounded in ''[[Mein Kampf]]''. Darré strongly influenced ''[[Reichsführer-SS]]'' Himmler in his goal to create a German racial aristocracy based on selective breeding. The National Socialist policies of [[eugenics]] would lead to the annihilation of millions of non-Germans.  
He developed a plan for ''"Rasse und Raum"'' ("race and space", or territory) which provided the ideological background for the National Socialist expansive policy on behalf of the ''"[[Drang nach Osten]]''" ("Drive to the east") and of the "''[[Lebensraum]]''" ("Living space") theory expounded in ''[[Mein Kampf]]''. Darré strongly influenced ''[[Reichsführer-SS]]'' Himmler in his goal to create a German racial aristocracy based on selective breeding. The National Socialist policies of [[eugenics]] would lead to the annihilation of millions of non-[[Germans]].  


In the course of the preparations for the ''[[Generalplan Ost]]'', Himmler would later break with Darré, whom he saw as too theoretical. Darré was generally on bad terms with Economy Minister [[Hjalmar Schacht]], particularly as Germany suffered poor harvests in the mid 1930s.
In the course of the preparations for the ''[[Generalplan Ost]]'', Himmler would later break with Darré, whom he saw as too [[theoretical]]. Darré was generally on bad terms with Economy Minister [[Hjalmar Schacht]], particularly as Germany suffered poor harvests in the mid 1930s.


By September 1938, Himmler was already demanding that Darré step down as leader of the RuSHA in favour of Günther Pancke. Darré finally had to resign as Reich Minister in 1942, ostensibly on health grounds, and was succeeded by his state secretary Herbert Backe.
By September 1938, Himmler was already demanding that Darré step down as leader of the RuSHA in favour of Günther Pancke. Darré finally had to resign as Reich Minister in 1942, ostensibly on health grounds, and was succeeded by his state secretary Herbert Backe.


The transcript of a 1940 speech given by Darré was published in ''[[Life magazine]]'', 9 December 1940: "by blitzkrieg ... before autumn ... we shall be the absolute masters of two continents... a new aristocracy of German masters will be created [with] slaves assigned to it, these slaves to be their property and to consist of landless, non-German nationals.... we actually have in mind a modern form of medieval slavery which we must and will introduce because we urgently need it in order to fulfill our great tasks. These slaves will by no means be denied the blessings of illiteracy; higher education will, in future, be reserved only for the German population of Europe...."<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=QUoEAAAAMBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false "Secret National Socialist Speech: Reich Minister Darré discusses the world's future under German rule"], Richard-Walther Darré, ''Life'', 9 December 1940 ([[Ginger Rogers]] cover), pp. 43–44. 'Life' suggested a lack of confidence in the veracity of their report with the comment "Even if [this address] was not delivered exactly as recorded here, it might have been"</ref>
The transcript of a 1940 speech given by Darré was published in ''[[Life magazine]]'', 9 December 1940: "by [[blitzkrieg]] ... before autumn ... we shall be the absolute masters of two continents... a new aristocracy of German masters will be created [with] slaves assigned to it, these slaves to be their [[property]] and to consist of landless, non-German nationals.... we actually have in [[mind]] a modern form of medieval [[slavery]] which we must and will introduce because we urgently need it in order to fulfill our great tasks. These slaves will by no means be denied the blessings of illiteracy; higher education will, in future, be reserved only for the German population of Europe...."<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=QUoEAAAAMBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false "Secret National Socialist Speech: Reich Minister Darré discusses the world's future under German rule"], Richard-Walther Darré, ''Life'', 9 December 1940 ([[Ginger Rogers]] cover), pp. 43–44. 'Life' suggested a lack of confidence in the veracity of their report with the comment "Even if [this address] was not delivered exactly as recorded here, it might have been"</ref>


====Anna Koppitz====
====Anna Koppitz====
In the spring of 1939, Richard Walther Darré, Reichsminister für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft contacted Anna Koppitz (1895–1989), who lived in Vienna. He engaged the widow of the renowned art photographer Rudolf Koppitz, with whom she had worked intensively until his death, to take pictures of his beloved project, which was to photograph the pupils of the [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Reichsschule_des_Reichsn%C3%A4hrstandes_f%C3%BCr_Leibes%C3%BCbungen Reichsschule des Reichsnährstandes für Leibesübungen Burg Neuhaus], located near [[Wolfsburg]]. The declared objective of the institute was to create racial models by selecting gymnasts from farmers’ families, where Darré saw the future of the German people. Anna Koppitz’s photographs were to play a central role in the dissemination of this model.
In the spring of 1939, Richard Walther Darré, Reichsminister für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft contacted Anna Koppitz (1895–1989), who lived in Vienna. He engaged the widow of the renowned art photographer Rudolf Koppitz, with whom she had worked intensively until his death, to take pictures of his beloved project, which was to photograph the pupils of the [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Reichsschule_des_Reichsn%C3%A4hrstandes_f%C3%BCr_Leibes%C3%BCbungen Reichsschule des Reichsnährstandes für Leibesübungen Burg Neuhaus], located near [[Wolfsburg]]. The declared [[objective]] of the institute was to create racial models by selecting gymnasts from farmers’ families, where Darré saw the future of the German people. Anna Koppitz’s photographs were to play a central role in the dissemination of this model.


===After the war===
===After the war===
On 14 April 1945, the [[US-American]] authorities arrested Darré at Flak-Kaserne Ludwigsburg ([[Württemberg]]) and tried him at the subsequent [[Nuremberg Trials]] as one of 21 defendants in the "Ministries Trial", also known as the Wilhelmstraße Trial (1947-1949).<ref name="nuernberg">Records of the United States Nuernberg War Crimes Trials: United States of America v. Ernst Von Weizsaecker et al (Case XI). December 20, 1947 - April 14, 1949. http://www.archives.gov/research/captured-german-records/microfilm/m897.pdf</ref>
On 14 April 1945, the [[US-American]] authorities arrested Darré at Flak-Kaserne Ludwigsburg ([[Württemberg]]) and tried him at the subsequent [[Nuremberg Trials]] as one of 21 defendants in the "Ministries Trial", also known as the Wilhelmstraße Trial (1947-1949).<ref name="nuernberg">Records of the [[United States]] Nuernberg War Crimes Trials: United States of [[America]] v. Ernst Von Weizsaecker et al (Case XI). December 20, 1947 - April 14, 1949. http://www.archives.gov/research/captured-german-records/microfilm/m897.pdf</ref>


He was charged under the following counts<ref name="nuernberg"/>:
He was charged under the following counts<ref name="nuernberg"/>:
Line 116: Line 116:
* Count I: participation in the planning, preparation, initiation, and waging of wars of aggression and invasion of other countries.  
* Count I: participation in the planning, preparation, initiation, and waging of wars of aggression and invasion of other countries.  
**Found '''not guilty'''.
**Found '''not guilty'''.
* Count II: conspiracy to commit crimes against peace and crimes against humanity.
* Count II: conspiracy to commit crimes against [[peace]] and crimes against humanity.
** The '''count was dismissed''', the tribunal finding that no evidence was offered.
** The '''count was dismissed''', the tribunal finding that no evidence was offered.
* Count IV: crimes against humanity, relating to offenses committed against German nationals from 1933 to 1939.  
* Count IV: crimes against humanity, relating to offenses committed against German nationals from 1933 to 1939.  
Line 135: Line 135:


===Burial===
===Burial===
Darré was buried in the family gravesite (with a crypt under a grave slab), which had already been consecrated in 1936 (his mother Eleonore, who died 18 July 1936, was buried there on 22 July 1936), in the old cemetery on Hildesheimer Straße in Goslar. The burial was by no means quiet - according to a report in the Goslarsche Zeitung on September 10, 1953, half of Goslar was on its feet with over 1,000 mourners, among them mayor Grundner-Culemann with some councilors and chief city director Schneider. Numerous farmers from around Germany had gathered to express their bond with the man Richard Walther Darré. Pastor Lindemann had interrupted his stay at a spa in southern Germany, which had just begun, in order to give the deceased his final blessing, as he had wished. It is very difficult, the minister said, to recognize the love of God in a moment of pain.
Darré was buried in the family gravesite (with a crypt under a grave slab), which had already been consecrated in 1936 (his mother Eleonore, who died 18 July 1936, was buried there on 22 July 1936), in the old cemetery on Hildesheimer Straße in Goslar. The burial was by no means quiet - according to a report in the Goslarsche Zeitung on September 10, 1953, half of Goslar was on its feet with over 1,000 mourners, among them mayor Grundner-Culemann with some councilors and chief city director Schneider. Numerous farmers from around Germany had gathered to express their bond with the man Richard Walther Darré. Pastor Lindemann had interrupted his stay at a spa in southern Germany, which had just begun, in order to give the deceased his final blessing, as he had wished. It is very difficult, the minister said, to recognize the [[love]] of God in a moment of pain.


==Family==
==Family==
Line 169: Line 169:
* Honorary citizen of Goslar (revoked 2013, together with the honorary citizenship of [[Adolf Hitler]])
* Honorary citizen of Goslar (revoked 2013, together with the honorary citizenship of [[Adolf Hitler]])
* Member of the Academy for German Law (''Akademie für Deutsches Recht'')
* Member of the Academy for German Law (''Akademie für Deutsches Recht'')
* Member of the Senate of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut#Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft ''Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft''])
* Member of the Senate of the Kaiser Wilhelm [[Society]] ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut#Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft ''Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft''])
* Honorary President of the ''Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft''
* Honorary President of the ''Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft''
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
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* [https://archive.org/details/waltherdarreNeuordnungunseresDenkens/Anna%20Bramwell%20Blood%20and%20Soil%20Walther%20Darre%20and%20Hitlers%20Green%20Party/mode/2up?view=theater ''Blood and Soil – Richard Walther Darré and Hitler's 'Green Party'''] by Anna Bramwell (a leading member of the [[Conservative Monday Club]]), Abbotsbrook, Bourne End, [[Buckinghamshire]]: Kensal Press, 1985, ISBN 0946041334 <ref>[http://catalogue.bl.uk/F/UDHNPESR4CI4LBYJA9F9M5NJXBMHJMUEALJ9P162479R2B8N3S-65063?func=full-set-set&set_number=054603&set_entry=000002&format=999 Bramwell], British Library Integrated Catalogue, and  
* [https://archive.org/details/waltherdarreNeuordnungunseresDenkens/Anna%20Bramwell%20Blood%20and%20Soil%20Walther%20Darre%20and%20Hitlers%20Green%20Party/mode/2up?view=theater ''Blood and Soil – Richard Walther Darré and Hitler's 'Green Party'''] by Anna Bramwell (a leading member of the [[Conservative Monday Club]]), Abbotsbrook, Bourne End, [[Buckinghamshire]]: Kensal Press, 1985, ISBN 0946041334 <ref>[http://catalogue.bl.uk/F/UDHNPESR4CI4LBYJA9F9M5NJXBMHJMUEALJ9P162479R2B8N3S-65063?func=full-set-set&set_number=054603&set_entry=000002&format=999 Bramwell], British Library Integrated Catalogue, and  
[http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=2&ti=1,2&Search%5FArg=anna%20bramwell&Search%5FCode=NAME%40&CNT=100&type=quick&PID=bJ2o2Gt-YN_1VzxDS1JfCmVtiu5X&SEQ=20111228104508&SID=1 Bramwell], Library of Congress Online Catalog.</ref>
[http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=2&ti=1,2&Search%5FArg=anna%20bramwell&Search%5FCode=NAME%40&CNT=100&type=quick&PID=bJ2o2Gt-YN_1VzxDS1JfCmVtiu5X&SEQ=20111228104508&SID=1 Bramwell], Library of Congress Online Catalog.</ref>
* ''Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890'' edited by Philip Rees, 1991, ISBN 0130893013
* ''Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890'' edited by [[Philip]] Rees, 1991, ISBN 0130893013
*''The Plough and the Swastika: The NSDAP and Agriculture in Germany, 1928-45'' by J. E. Farquharson, London, 1976, 1992 by Landpost Press, ISBN 1880881039
*''The Plough and the [[Swastika]]: The NSDAP and Agriculture in Germany, 1928-45'' by J. E. Farquharson, [[London]], 1976, 1992 by Landpost Press, ISBN 1880881039


==External links==
==External links==
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[[Category:National Socialists]]
[[Category:NSDAP officials]]
[[Category:National Socialist politicians]]
[[Category:Opponents of Jewish supremacism]]
[[Category:Propagandists]]
[[Category:Race realists]]
[[Category:SS-Obergruppenführer]]




[[Category:the Golden Party Badge]]
\[\[Category:Politicians\]\]
[[Category:the Honour Chevron for the Old Guard]]
 
[[Category:the Golden HJ Honour Badge]]
 
[[Category:the SS-Ehrenring]]
 
[[Category:the Sword of Honour of the Reichsführer-SS]]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 




[[de:Darré, Richard Walther]]
[[es:Walter Darré]]
[[es:Walter Darré]]
[[Category:Pages with broken file links]]
[[Category:Pages with incorrect protection templates]]

Latest revision as of 13:15, 12 March 2024

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Born 14 July 1895(1895-07-14)
Belgrano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Died 5 September 1953 (aged 58)
Munich, Bavaria, West Germany
Nationality German
Political party NSDAP
Spouse(s) ∞ 29 April 1922 Alberta Helene Theresa Alma Staadt (o¦o 31 January 1931)
∞ 14 August 1931 Charlotte Freiin von Vietinghoff genannt Scheel
Children 2
Alma mater University of Halle
Profession Agronomist
Cabinet Hitler cabinet
colspan="2" style="background-color: #B0C4DE; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" | Military service
Allegiance File:Flag of the German Empire.svg German Empire
File:Flag of the NSDAP (1920–1945).svg National Socialist Germany
Service/branch File:Iron Cross of the Luftstreitkräfte.png Imperial German Army
File:Flag Schutzstaffel.png SS
Years of service 1914–1919
1930–1945
Rank Leutnant der Reserve
SS-Obergruppenführer
Unit 1. Hannoversches Feld-Artillerie-Regiment „Scharnhorst“
Battles/wars World War I

Richard Walther Oscar Darré (b. 14 July 1895; d. 5 September 1953) was a German officer of the Imperial German Army, the Freikorps and the SS, at last SS-Obergruppenführer as well as Diplom-Kolonialwirt (colonial economist) since autumn 1920,[1] Diplom-Landwirt (agronomist) since 1925 and one of the leading National Socialist "blood and soil" (German: Blut und Boden) ideologists. He served as Reich Minister of Food and Agriculture (Reichsminister für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft) and Reich Farmers' Leader (Reichsbauernführer) from 1933 to 1942.

Darré was not part of the first coalition government headed by Hitler. However, on 29 June 1933, shortly after the approval by the German Parliament of the Enabling Act of 23 March, he became Reich Minister of Food and Agriculture, succeeding DNVP leader Alfred Hugenberg, who had resigned.

Life

File:Richard Walther Darré II.jpg
Darré as a member of the NSDAP and File:SS rune.png; As a newly-appointed administrator of the SS Race and Settlement Main Office, he assisted in formulating plans for the expansion of farming in a German-dominated Europe. He also founded the Reichsnährstand to regulate food production in the Third Reich.
File:Empfang-der-Bauern-am-Hochzeits-Vorabend-von-Emmi-Sonnemann-und-Hermann-Goering-im-Preußenhaus, SS-Sturmbanführer Peuckert with Goering, Darre, etc.jpg
Reception of the farmers on the eve of the wedding of Emmi Sonnemann and Hermann Göring in the Preußenhaus (the former Prussian Ministry of War, Berlin-Wilhelmstraße) on 2 May 1935. From left to center: Walther Darré, Hermann Göring, Emmi Sonnemann and SS-Sturmbanführer Rudi Peuckert.
File:Anna Koppitz.jpg
Pictures by Anna Koppitz for Darré[2]
File:Adolf Hitler and Richard Walther Darré, (Hoffmann photograph).jpg
Adolf Hitler and Darré (Hoffmann photograph)

Early life

Darré was born in Belgrano,[3] a Buenos Aires neighbourhood, in Argentina to Richard Oscar Darré, a German with Huguenot ancestry, (born 10 March 1854, Berlin; died 20 February 1929, Wiesbaden)[4][5] and the half-Swedish/half-German Emilie Bertha (Emilia Berta) Eleonore, née Lagergren (born 23 July 1872, Buenos Aires; died 18 July 1936, Bad Pyrmont), daughter of Theodor Erik Lagergren, born 1839 in Glömminge, Sweden, and Josephine/Josefina Margarete Thole, born 1841 in Haselünne, Lower Saxony, Germany. He had three siblings:

  • Ilse Margarethe Irene (1900-1985; married to Manfred von Knobelsdorff, 1892–1965)
  • Erna Carmen Mercedes (1901-1991; married to Albert)
  • Erich Albert Adolf (b. 9 August 1902 in Belgrano near Buenos Aires; d. 1970s in Bad Harzburg)
    • From March 1934 until the end of the Second World War, Erich Darré was managing director and publishing director of Reichsnahrstand Verlags GmbH in Berlin and Blut und Boden Verlag GmbH in Goslar. From 14 July 1934 to 10 April 1935, he was also head of the independent main archive department in the Race and Settlement Main Office. On 13 September 1936 he was promoted to SS-Sturmbannführer. He was a witness during the Nuremberg Trials. He and his wife Liselotte had two children (Einar and Eike).

He was baptised with the name "Richard" (written in Spanish as Ricardo); the second name "Walther" was later added to differentiate him from his father, also named Richard, and he became known by this name in political life, though he continued to sign his name as either "Richard Walther" or "R. Walther"

His father moved to Argentina in 1888 as a partner of the German international import/export wholesaler Engelbert Hardt & Co.[4] Although his parents' marriage was not a happy one (Richard Walther remembered his father as a hard drinker and a womanizer[6]), they lived prosperously, and educated their children privately, until they were forced to return to Germany as a result of worsening international relations in the years preceding World War I. Darré gained fluency in four languages: Spanish, German, English, and French.

Darré's parents sent him 1905 to a boarding school in Heidelberg; in 1911 he attended as an exchange pupil King's College School in Wimbledon. The rest of the family returned to Germany (Wiesbaden) in 1912. Richard (as he was known in the family) then spent two years at the Oberrealschule in Gummersbach, followed in early 1914 by the Deutsche Kolonialschule Wilhelmshof (for resettlement in the German colonies) at Witzenhausen, near Kassel, south of Göttingen, which awakened his interest in farming.

After a single term at Witzenhausen, he volunteered for army service. He was lightly wounded a number of times while serving during World War I, but fared better than most of his contemporaries. When the war ended he contemplated returning to Argentina for a life of farming, but the family's weakening financial position during the years of inflation made this impossible. Instead he returned to Witzenhausen to continue his studies at the Kolonialschule. He then obtained unpaid work as a farm assistant in Pomerania: his observation of the treatment of returning German soldiers there influenced his later writings.

In 1922 he moved to the University of Halle to continue his studies: here he took an agricultural degree, specialising in animal breeding. He did not complete his PhD studies until 1929, at the comparatively mature age of 34. During these years he spent some time working in East Prussia and Finland.

Political awakening

File:Richard Walther Darré III.png
Post-war propaganda with wrong death date

As a young man in Germany, Darré initially joined the Artaman League (de), a Völkisch youth group committed to the back-to-the-land movement.[7] Against this backdrop Darré began to develop the idea that the future of the Nordic race was linked to the soil in what came to be known as "Blut und Boden". Here "Blut" (blood) represents race or ancestry, while "Boden" can be translated as soil, territory, or land. The essence of the theory was the mutual and long-term relationship between a people and the land that it occupies and cultivates.

Darré's first political article (1926) was on the subject of Internal Colonisation, which argued against Germany attempting to regain the lost colonies. Most of his writing at this time, however, was on technical aspects of animal breeding. His first book, Das Bauerntum als Lebensquell der nordischen Rasse ('Peasantry as the life-source of the Nordic Race'), was written in 1928.[8] It asserted that German farms had previously been bestowed on one son, the strongest, ensuring the best were farmers, but partible inheritance had destroyed that.[7] The ancient tradition had to be restored, as well as serious efforts made to restore the purity of Nordic blood, including exterminating the sick and impure.[7]

In her biography of him, Anna Bramwell interprets his writing as an early example of "Green" or Conservationist thinking: he advocated more natural methods of land management, placing emphasis on the conservation of forests, and demanded more open-space and air in the raising of farm animals. Those who heard and heeded Darré's arguments included Heinrich Himmler, himself one of the Artamans.[7] Darré's work also glorified "peasant virtues" - as found in the remnants of the Nordics who lived in the country - and disparged city living.[8]

"In his two major works, he defined the German peasantry as a homogeneous racial group of Nordic antecedents, who formed the cultural and racial core of the German nation. [..] Since the Nordic birth-rate was lower than that of other races, the Nordic race was under a long-term threat of extinction."[9]

In 1928/29, he was agricultural expert at the German Embassy in Riga. He founded the monthly magazine "Deutsche Agrarpolitik" in 1932 (from Apil 1934 "Odal").

As a National Socialist Party member

After Paul Schultze-Naumburg had introduced him to Adolf Hitler, Darré in July 1930 joined the National Socialist Party and the SS. Darré's NSDAP number was 248,256 and his SS number was 6,882.[10] Darré went on to become an active National Socialist Reichsleiter and to set up an agrarian political apparatus to recruit farmers into the party. Darré saw three main roles for this apparatus: to exploit unrest in the countryside as a weapon against the urban government; to win over the peasants as staunch National Socialist supporters; to gain a constituency of people who could be used as settlers to displace the Slavs in future conquests in the East.

On 1 January 1932 he became head or leader (leiter) of the newly established SS Race and Settlement Main Office (Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt or RuSHA), in the rank of a SS-Gruppenführer. On 10 May 1935, Heinrich Himmler named him Chef (chief) of the RuSHA with effect from 30 January 1935.

In his religious views, Dárre would belong to the paganist faction within the National Socialist movement; however, unlike Heinrich Himmler and Alfred Rosenberg, he has not become a figure of interest in the speculation about National Socialist occultism.[11]

Darré's works were primarily concerned with the ancient and present Nordic peasantry (the ideology of Blood and soil): within this context, he made an explicit attack against Christianity. In his two main works (Das Bauerntum als Lebensquell der Nordischen Rasse, Munich, 1929 and Neuadel aus Blut und Boden, Munich, 1930), Darré accused Christianity, with its "teaching of the equality of men before God," of having "deprived the Teutonic nobility of its moral foundations", the "innate sense of superiority over the nomadic tribes".[12] Since 31 July 1932, he was also a member of the Reichstag.

Soon after the National Socialists came to power in 1933, Darré became Reich Minister of Food and Agriculture succeeding resigned DNVP leader Alfred Hugenberg, and Reichsbauernführer (usually translated as Reich Peasant Leader, though the word Bauer also denotes Farmer), serving from June 1933 to May 1942. He was instrumental in founding the National Socialist Reichsnährstand corporation[13] as part of the Gleichschaltung process. Darré campaigned for big landowners to part with some of their land to create new farms, and promoted the controversial Reichserbhofgesetz, which reformed the inheritance laws to prevent splitting up of farms into smaller units.

He developed a plan for "Rasse und Raum" ("race and space", or territory) which provided the ideological background for the National Socialist expansive policy on behalf of the "Drang nach Osten" ("Drive to the east") and of the "Lebensraum" ("Living space") theory expounded in Mein Kampf. Darré strongly influenced Reichsführer-SS Himmler in his goal to create a German racial aristocracy based on selective breeding. The National Socialist policies of eugenics would lead to the annihilation of millions of non-Germans.

In the course of the preparations for the Generalplan Ost, Himmler would later break with Darré, whom he saw as too theoretical. Darré was generally on bad terms with Economy Minister Hjalmar Schacht, particularly as Germany suffered poor harvests in the mid 1930s.

By September 1938, Himmler was already demanding that Darré step down as leader of the RuSHA in favour of Günther Pancke. Darré finally had to resign as Reich Minister in 1942, ostensibly on health grounds, and was succeeded by his state secretary Herbert Backe.

The transcript of a 1940 speech given by Darré was published in Life magazine, 9 December 1940: "by blitzkrieg ... before autumn ... we shall be the absolute masters of two continents... a new aristocracy of German masters will be created [with] slaves assigned to it, these slaves to be their property and to consist of landless, non-German nationals.... we actually have in mind a modern form of medieval slavery which we must and will introduce because we urgently need it in order to fulfill our great tasks. These slaves will by no means be denied the blessings of illiteracy; higher education will, in future, be reserved only for the German population of Europe...."[14]

Anna Koppitz

In the spring of 1939, Richard Walther Darré, Reichsminister für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft contacted Anna Koppitz (1895–1989), who lived in Vienna. He engaged the widow of the renowned art photographer Rudolf Koppitz, with whom she had worked intensively until his death, to take pictures of his beloved project, which was to photograph the pupils of the Reichsschule des Reichsnährstandes für Leibesübungen Burg Neuhaus, located near Wolfsburg. The declared objective of the institute was to create racial models by selecting gymnasts from farmers’ families, where Darré saw the future of the German people. Anna Koppitz’s photographs were to play a central role in the dissemination of this model.

After the war

On 14 April 1945, the US-American authorities arrested Darré at Flak-Kaserne Ludwigsburg (Württemberg) and tried him at the subsequent Nuremberg Trials as one of 21 defendants in the "Ministries Trial", also known as the Wilhelmstraße Trial (1947-1949).[15]

He was charged under the following counts[15]:

  • Count I: participation in the planning, preparation, initiation, and waging of wars of aggression and invasion of other countries.
    • Found not guilty.
  • Count II: conspiracy to commit crimes against peace and crimes against humanity.
    • The count was dismissed, the tribunal finding that no evidence was offered.
  • Count IV: crimes against humanity, relating to offenses committed against German nationals from 1933 to 1939.
    • The count was dismissed upon the arguments of defense counsel.
  • Count V: atrocities and offenses committed against civilian populations between 1938 and 1945.
    • Found guilty.
  • Count VI: plunder and spoliation.
    • Found guilty.
  • Count VII: slave labor.
    • Found not guilty.
  • Count VIII: membership of criminal organizations.
    • Found guilty.

Darré was sentenced to seven years at Landsberg Prison. He nevertheless was released on 16 August 1950 and spent his final years in Bad Harzburg.

Death

Richard Walther Darré died in a Munich hospital on 5 September 1953 of cancer of the liver.

Burial

Darré was buried in the family gravesite (with a crypt under a grave slab), which had already been consecrated in 1936 (his mother Eleonore, who died 18 July 1936, was buried there on 22 July 1936), in the old cemetery on Hildesheimer Straße in Goslar. The burial was by no means quiet - according to a report in the Goslarsche Zeitung on September 10, 1953, half of Goslar was on its feet with over 1,000 mourners, among them mayor Grundner-Culemann with some councilors and chief city director Schneider. Numerous farmers from around Germany had gathered to express their bond with the man Richard Walther Darré. Pastor Lindemann had interrupted his stay at a spa in southern Germany, which had just begun, in order to give the deceased his final blessing, as he had wished. It is very difficult, the minister said, to recognize the love of God in a moment of pain.

Family

Darré married twice. In 1922, he married Alberta Helene Theresa Alma Staadt (b. 16 July 1901 in Wiesbaden), a schoolfriend of his sister Ilse in Goslar. He divorced Alma in 1931, and subsequently married Charlotte Freiin von Vietinghoff genannt Scheel (d. 1978), daughter of Freiherr von Vietinghoff-Scheel, an emigre to Germany who lost his lands in the Baltics to the Russians, and later lost his farm in Germany through the Depression.

Children

The first marriage produced daughter Annelise (b. 5 March 1923 in Wiesbaden), the second marriage daughter Elin Darré (b. 30 August 1938; as a child/teen she lived in Stockholm with two female relatives of the Lagergren family in 1949/50.), who married Prof. Dr. Gerhard "Gerd" Weidemann[16] (b. 14 August 1934; d. 21 December 2013). Elin Weidemann died on 29 July 2020 in Worpswede (Niedersachsen).

Promotions

  • 5.8.1914 Kriegsfreiwilliger (Ersatzabteilung/1. Nassauisches Feld-Artillerie-Regiment Nr. 27 „Oranien“)
  • January 1916 Gefreiter
  • 1.2.1916 Unteroffizier
  • 12.3.1916 Officer candidate (Offiziers-Aspirant)
  • 23.4.1916 Vizewachtmeister
  • 11 January 1917 Leutnant der Reserve (1. Hannoversches Feld-Artillerie-Regiment „Scharnhorst“)
  • 25.2.1931 SS-Sturmbannführer
  • 9.11.1931 SS-Standartenführer
  • 24.12.1932 SS-Oberführer
  • 13.5.1933 SS-Gruppenführer
  • 9.11.1934 SS-Obergruppenführer

Awards, decorations and honours

Honours

  • Honorary citizen of Goslar (revoked 2013, together with the honorary citizenship of Adolf Hitler)
  • Member of the Academy for German Law (Akademie für Deutsches Recht)
  • Member of the Senate of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society (Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft)
  • Honorary President of the Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft

Gallery

  • Richard Walther Darré III.jpg
  • Richard Walther Darré, RuSHA.jpg
  • Richard Walther Darré (obituary).png
  • Richard Walther Darré (Grabplatte).jpg
  • Richard Walther Darré in Allgemeine SS - Polizei - Waffen SS 3 by Thierry Tixier.png
  • Elin Weidemann. geb. Darré, daughter of Richard Walther Darré.jpg

Works

  • Die Domestication der Haustiere mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Schweine (Staatsexamensarbeit)
  • Das Bauerntum als Lebensquell der nordischen Rasse (München 1929; 5th edition 1936; 9th edition 1942)
    • Peasantry as Life-Source of the German Race
  • Neuadel aus Blut und Boden (München 1930)
    • New Nobility from Blood and Soil
  • Zur Wiedergeburt des Bauerntums. Stellung und Aufgaben des Landstandes. Das Zuchtziel des deutschen Volkes. Lehmann, München 1931
  • Das Schwein als Kriterium für nordische Völker und Semiten. Lehmann, München 1933
  • Walther Rathenau und das Problem des nordischen Menschen. Walther Rathenau und die Bedeutung der Rasse in der Weltgeschichte. Lehmann, München 1933
  • Unser Weg. In: Odal. Monatsschrift für Blut und Boden, Jg. 2, Heft 10, April 1934, S. 690–720
  • Ostelbien. In: Odal. Monatsschrift für Blut und Boden, Jg. 2, Heft 12, Juni 1934, S. 842–858
  • Stedingen. In: Odal. Monatsschrift für Blut und Boden, Jg. 3, 1934, Heft 1, S. 2–18
  • Ein Jahr Reichsnährstand. In: Odal. Monatsschrift für Blut und Boden, Jg. 3, 1934, Heft 2, S. 82–94
  • Blut und Boden, ein Grundgedanke des Nationalsozialismus. In: Odal. Monatsschrift für Blut und Boden, 1936 (Sonderdruck)
  • Foreword to Nordisches Blutserbe im süddeutschen Bauerntum, München 1938
  • Um Blut und Boden. Reden und Aufsätze (Zentralverlag der NSDAP, München 1940; 3rd edition 1941)
  • Neuordnung unseres Denkens (= Schriftenreihe für die weltanschauliche Schulung der Ordnungspolizei. H. 5). Berlin 1942 (Sonderdruck)
  • Aufbruch des Bauerntums. Reichsbauerntagsreden 1933–1938. Reichsnährstand Verlag, Berlin 1942
  • Zucht als Gebot. Blut u. Boden, Berlin 1944

See also

Further reading

External links

References

  1. ↑ Some sources claim, the title Diplom-Kolonialwirt was given to him 1930 on application backdated to 1920.
  2. ↑ The Propaganda Photography of Anna Koppitz
  3. ↑ Blood and Soil: Richard Walther Darré and Hitler's 'Green Party', Anna Bramwell (Kensal Press, 1985, ISBN 0-946041-33-4)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Richard Darré, Meine Erziehung im Elternhause und durch das Leben, Wiesbaden, 1925
  5. ↑ Bramwell gives the middle name as "Oskar".
  6. ↑ Letter to his wife Alma as quoted by Bramwell.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Heather Pringle, The Master Plan: Himmler's Scholars and the Holohoax, p40 ISBN 0-7868-6886-4
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Barbara Miller Lane, Leila J. Rupp, National Socialist Ideology Before 1933: A Documentation p. 103 ISBN 0-292-75512-0
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Bramwell
  10. ↑ Biondi, Robert, ed., SS Officers List: SS-Standartenführer to SS-Oberstgruppenführer (As of 30 January 1942), Schiffer Military History Publishing, 2000, p. 7
  11. ↑ Hakl, H. T. Nationalsozialismus und Okkultismus. (German) In: Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke: Die okkulten Wurzeln des Nationalsozialismus. Graz, Austria: Stocker (German edition of The Occult Roots of National Socialism, 1997, p. 197. An English translation of this essay is available.
  12. ↑ Steigmann-Gall, Richard, The Holy Reich: National Socialist Conceptions of Christianity, 1919-1945, 2003, p. 103
  13. ↑ Lovin, Clifford R. (October 1969). "Agricultural Reorganization in the Third Reich: The Reich Food Corporation (Reichsnahrstand), 1933-1936". Agricultural History 43:4: 447–461. 
  14. ↑ "Secret National Socialist Speech: Reich Minister Darré discusses the world's future under German rule", Richard-Walther Darré, Life, 9 December 1940 (Ginger Rogers cover), pp. 43–44. 'Life' suggested a lack of confidence in the veracity of their report with the comment "Even if [this address] was not delivered exactly as recorded here, it might have been"
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Records of the United States Nuernberg War Crimes Trials: United States of America v. Ernst Von Weizsaecker et al (Case XI). December 20, 1947 - April 14, 1949. http://www.archives.gov/research/captured-german-records/microfilm/m897.pdf
  16. ↑ In memoriam Gerd Weidemann
  17. ↑ Bramwell, British Library Integrated Catalogue, and Bramwell, Library of Congress Online Catalog.




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