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| image              = George Washington (1732–1799).jpg
'''George Washington''' (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) was an [[American]] military officer, politician, statesman, [[philosopher]], and [[Founding Father]] who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of the Continental Army, Washington led the [[Patriot]] forces to victory in the [[American Revolutionary War]] and served as the president of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which created the [[Constitution]] of the United Statesand the American federal [[government]]. Washington has been called the [[National father figure|Father of the Country]] for his recognition as a national father figure.
| imagesize              = 300px
| caption            =
| alt                = Head and shoulders portrait of George Washington
| order              = 1st
| office              = President of the United States
| vicepresident      = John Adams
| term_start          = April 30, 1789<ref>Congress counted the votes of the Electoral College and certified a president on April 6. Washington was sworn in on April 30.</ref>
| term_end            = March 4, 1797
| predecessor        = ''Office established''
| successor          = [[John Adams]]
| office1            = 7th [[Commanding General of the United States Army|Senior Officer of the United States Army]]
| president1          = John Adams
| term_start1        = July 13, 1798
| term_end1          = December 14, 1799
| predecessor1        = [[James Wilkinson]]
| successor1          = [[Alexander Hamilton]]
| office2            = [[Commander-in-chief|Commander in Chief]] of the [[Continental Army]]
| appointer2          = [[Continental Congress]]
| term_start2        = June 19, 1775<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/commission.html#:~:text=The%20Continental%20Congress%20commissioned%20George,Army%20on%20June%2019%2C%201775 |title=Primary Documents in American History |work=Web Guides |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=August 14, 2020}}</ref>
| term_end2          = December 23, 1783
| predecessor2        = ''Office established''
| successor2          = [[Henry Knox]] (as [[Senior Officer of the United States Army|Senior Officer]])
| office3            = 14th [[Chancellor of the College of William & Mary]]
| term_start3        = April 30, 1788
| term_end3          = December 14, 1799
| president3          = [[James Madison (bishop)|James Madison]]
| predecessor3        = [[Richard Terrick]] (1776)
| successor3          = [[John Tyler]] (1859)
| office4            = [[List of delegates to the Continental Congress|Delegate]] from [[Colony of Virginia|Virginia]] {{nowrap|to the [[Continental Congress]]}}
| term_start4        = September 5, 1774
| term_end4          = June 16, 1775
| predecessor4        = ''Office established''
| successor4          = [[Thomas Jefferson]]
| office5            = Member of the {{nowrap|[[House of Burgesses|Virginia House of Burgesses]]}}
| term_start5        = July 24, 1758<ref name="mount_vernon_house_of_burgesses_start">{{cite web|title=House of Burgesses|url=https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/House-of-Burgesses|publisher=Mount Vernon Ladies' Association|website=The Digital Encyclopedia of George Washington|access-date=May 9, 2020|quote=After a failed bid for a seat in December 1755, he won election in 1758 and represented Frederick County until 1765.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Enclosure V: Frederick County Poll Sheet, 1758, 24 July 1758 |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/02-05-02-0273-0006 |publisher=National Historical Publications and Records Commission (The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration) |date=1758 |access-date=May 8, 2020}}</ref>
| term_end5          = June 24, 1775<ref name="mount_vernon_house_of_burgesses_end">{{cite web|title=House of Burgesses|url=https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/House-of-Burgesses|publisher=Mount Vernon Ladies' Association|website=The Digital Encyclopedia of George Washington|access-date=May 9, 2020 |quote=That year he ran in Fairfax County, winning a seat which he would retain until 1775&nbsp;... Dunmore did not call the House again until June of 1775. The House adjourned on June 24 and never again achieved a quorum (enough members to conduct business).}}</ref>
| predecessor5        = Hugh West<ref>{{cite news |last=Bish |first=Jim |date=Spring 2010 |title=Hugh West and the West Family's Momentous Role in Founding and Developing Alexandria and Fairfax and Loudoun Counties, Virginia |pages=13–14 |work=The Alexandria Chronicle |publisher=Alexandria Historical Society |url=https://alexandriahistorical.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/2010_Sp_Chronicle.pdf |access-date=May 10, 2020 |quote=In 1755 Hugh West Jr. gave up his seat in Fairfax County and won a House of Burgess election in Frederick County defeating Colonel George Washington. This defeat was Washington's only electoral loss. Hugh West Jr. served as a Frederick County burgess until 1758 when he was defeated by Washington.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/02-02-02-0229 |title=To George Washington from Adam Stephen, 23 December 1755 |publisher=National Historical Publications and Records Commission (The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration) |date=1755 |access-date=May 10, 2020 |quote=GW kept a copy of the Frederick County poll sheet (c.&nbsp;10 Dec., DLC:GW) in his papers with the names of the 40 men who voted for him and the names of the 271 men who voted for Hugh West and 270 who voted for Thomas Swearingen.}}</ref>
| successor5          = Office abolished
| constituency5      = {{plainlist|
* [[Frederick County, Virginia|Frederick County]]<br />(1758–1765)
* [[Fairfax County, Virginia|Fairfax County]]<br />(1765–1775)<ref name="mount_vernon_house_of_burgesses_end" />
}}
| birth_date          = February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731]<ref>Contemporaneous records used the Old Style Julian calendar and the Annunciation Style of enumerating years, recording his birth as February 11, 1731. The British Calendar (New Style) Act 1750 implemented in 1752 altered the official British dating method to the Gregorian calendar with the start of the year on January 1 (it had been March 25). These changes resulted in dates being moved forward 11 days and an advance of one year for those between January 1 and March 25.</ref>
| birth_place        = [[George Washington Birthplace National Monument|Popes Creek]], [[Colony of Virginia|Virginia]], {{nowrap|[[British America]]}}
| death_date          = {{death date and age|1799|12|14|1732|2|22}}
| death_place        = [[Mount Vernon]], [[Virginia]], U.S.
| death_cause        = [[Epiglottitis]]
| resting_place      = Mount Vernon, Virginia, U.S.
| resting_place_coordinates = {{coord|38|42|28.4|N|77|05|09.9|W|region:US-VA_type:landmark|display=inline}}
| party              = [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| spouse              = ∞ 6 January 1759 Martha Dandridge
| residence          = Mount Vernon, Virginia, U.S.
| parents            = {{plainlist|
* [[Augustine Washington]]
* [[Mary Ball Washington]]
}}
| relatives          = [[Washington family]]
| awards              = {{plainlist|
* [[Congressional Gold Medal]]
* [[Thanks of Congress]]{{sfn|Randall|1997|p=303}}
}}
| occupation          = Planter, military officer, statesman
| signature          =
| signature_alt      =
| allegiance          = [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]]<br />[[United States]]
| branch              = {{plainlist|
* [[Virginia militia|Virginia Militia]]
* [[Continental Army]]
* [[United States Army]]
}}
| serviceyears        = <br/>
* 1752–1758 (Virginia Militia)
* 1775–1783 (Continental Army)
* 1798–1799 (U.S. Army)
| rank                = <br/>
* Colonel (1st [[Virginia Regiment]])
* [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]] (Virginia Militia)
* [[Major general (United States)|General]] and [[Commander-in-chief|Commander in Chief]] (Continental Army)
* [[Lieutenant general (United States)|Lieutenant General]] (U.S. Army)
* [[General of the Armies]] (promoted posthumously in 1976 by Congress)
| commands            = <br/>
* [[Provincial troops in the French and Indian Wars#Virginia|Virginia Regiment]]
* Continental Army
* United States Army
| battles            = <br/>
* [[French and Indian War]]
** [[Battle of Jumonville Glen]]
** [[Battle of Fort Necessity]]
** [[Braddock Expedition]]
** [[Battle of the Monongahela]]
** [[Forbes Expedition]]
* [[American Revolutionary War]]
** [[Boston campaign]]
** [[New York and New Jersey campaign]]
** [[Philadelphia campaign]]
** [[Yorktown campaign]]
* [[Northwest Indian War]]
* [[Whiskey Rebellion]]
}}
'''George Washington''' (22 February 1732 – 14 December 1799) was a general and commander in chief of the colonial revolutionaries in the [[American Revolution]] (1775–83) and subsequently first President of the [[United States]] (1789–97). More recently, in association with the [[Great Awokening]], he has been attacked for now less [[politically correct]] aspects, the terrorist group [[BLM]] even toppling statues..<ref>Portland Protesters Tear Down Statue of George Washington, Drape It with Burning US Flag https://www.amren.com/news/2020/06/portland-protesters-tear-down-statue-of-george-washington-drape-it-with-burning-us-flag/</ref><ref>Statues of Former Presidents, Other Historical Monuments Vandalized in 4 States over Thanksgiving https://www.amren.com/news/2020/11/statues-of-former-presidents-other-historical-monuments-vandalized-in-4-states-over-thanksgiving/</ref>


==Life==
=America's First Fascist=
[[File:General Thaddeus Kosciusko, General George Washington und General Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben.png|thumb|305px|General Thaddeus Kosciusko, General George Washington and General [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben]] as commanders in the American Revolution]]
[[File:Washingtonfascist.png|left|Thumb|250px|Washington posing as Cincinnatus.]]Centuries after [[Ancient Rome|Fascist Rome]] fell, the compendium of [[Roman]] classics served as an ideological guidebook for George Washington. Classical Roman concepts and figures exerted a formative influence on all of the founders’ governmental [[theories]] and principles of [[virtue]]. The founders considered [[Ancient Rome]] to be a blueprint for their new [[nation]]. Roman heroes and villains became common references in American [[political]] rhetoric.
Washington was born at Bridges Creek, Westmoreland county, in the British colony of [[Virginia]]. The genealogical research of Mr Henry E. Waters seem to have established the connexion with a Washington family in Sulgrave, Northamptonshire, England. The brothers John and Lawrence Washington appear in Virginia in 1658. John took up land at Bridges Creek, became a member of the House of Burgesses in 1666, and died in 1676. His eldest son, Lawrence, married Mildred Warner, by whom he had three children - John, Augustine (1694-1743) and Mildred. Augustine Washington married twice. By the first marriage, with Jane Butler, there were four children, two of whom, Lawrence and Augustine, grew to manhood. By the second marriage, in 1730,.. with Mary Ball, descendant of a family which migrated to Virginia in 1657, there were six children - George, Betty, Samuel,.. John, Charles and Mildred. Upon the death of the father,.. Lawrence inherited the estate at Hunting Creek, on the Potomac,_ later known as Mount Vernon, and George the estate on the Rappahannock, nearly opposite Fredericksburg, where his father usually lived.


Of Washington's early life little is known, probably because there was little unusual to tell. The story of the hatchet and the cherry-tree, and similar tales, are undoubtedly apocryphal, having been coined by Washington's most popular biographer, Mason Weems (d. 1825). 1 There is nothing to show that the boy's life was markedly different from that common to Virginia families in easy circumstances; plantation affairs, hunting, fishing, and a little reading making up its substance. From 1735 to 1739 he lived at what is now called Mount Vernon, and afterwards at the estate on the Rappahannock. His education was only elementary and very defective, except in mathematics, in which he was largely self-taught; and although at his death he left a considerable library, he was never an assiduous reader. Although he had throughout his life a good deal of official contact with the French, he never mastered their language. Some careful reading of good books there must have been, however, for in spite of pervading illiteracy, common in that age, in matters of grammar and spelling, he acquired a dignified and effective English style.. The texts of his writings, as published by Jared Sparks, have been so "edited" in these respects as to destroy their value as evidence; but the edition of Mr Worthington C. Ford restores the original texts. Washington left school in the autumn of 1747, and from this time we begin to know something of his life.  
Washington used classical symbols in his rhetoric to implicitly compare himself to Roman [[leaders]] such as [[Cincinnatus]]. By associating himself with these classical symbols, he imbued the wisdom and virtue of Roman [[fascists]] into his own messages and built a foundation rooted in historical [[fascism ]]for the fledgling American nation.  


He was then at Mount Vernon with his half-brother Lawrence, who was also his guardian. Lawrence was a son-in-law of William Fairfax, proprietor of the neighbouring plantation of Belvoir, and agent for the extensive Fairfax lands in the colony. Lawrence had served with Fairfax at Cartagena, and had made the acquaintance of Admiral Edward Vernon, from whom Mount Vernon was named. The story that a commission as midshipman was obtained for George through the good offices of the admiral, but that the opposition of the boy's mother put an end to the scheme, seems to lack proof. In 1748, however, through the influence of Thomas, Lord Fairfax, the head of the family, who had come to America to live, Washington, then only sixteen years of age, was appointed surveyor of the Fairfax property; and an appointment as public surveyor soon followed. The next three years were spent in this service, most of the time on the frontier. He always retained a disposition to speculate in western lands, the ultimate value of which he early appreciated; many of his later investments of this character are treated in C. W. Butterfield's Washington-Crawford Letters (1877). He seems, too, to have impressed others already with his force of mind and character. In 1751 he accompanied his half-brother Lawrence, who was stricken with consumption, to the West Indies, where he had an attack of small-pox which left him marked for life. Lawrence died in the following year, making George executor under the will and residuary heir of Mount Vernon; and the latter estate became his in 1761.
George Washington modeled his sense of courage and purpose on the characters of Cincinnatus and [[Cato the Younger]]. Cato was a Roman politician whose [[moral]] integrity inspired all of the founders.


In October 1753, on the eve of the last French and Indian war, Washington was chosen by Governor Robert Dinwiddie as the agent to warn the French away from their new posts on the Ohio, in western Pennsylvania. He accomplished the winter journey safely, though with considerable danger and hardship; and shortly after his return was appointed lieutenant-colonel of a Virginia regiment, under Colonel Joshua Fry. In April 1754 he set out with two companies for the Ohio, defeated (28th May) a force of French and Indians at Great Meadows (in the present Fayette county, Pennsylvania), but at Fort Necessity in this vicinity was forced to capitulate (3rd July), though only after a vigorous defence. For his services he received the thanks of the House of Burgesses. When General Edward Braddock arrived in Virginia in February 1755, Washington wrote him a diplomatically worded letter, and was presently made a member 1 Weems was a Protestant Episcopal clergyman, who first published a brief biography of Washington in 1800, and later (1806) considerably expanded it and introduced various apocryphal anecdotes. The biography, though worthless, had an immense circulation, and is to a considerable degree responsible for the traditional conception of Washington.
In addition to Cato, Washington also invited comparison to the Roman [[fascist]] Cincinnatus. Cincinnatus was a stern general who was called out of retirement to lead the Roman army, but willingly resigned after winning the war. After leaving his own retirement to lead the [[Continental Army]], Washington also willingly relinquished his power at the end of the war. Per Cincinnatus, Washington placed [[society]]'s needs over personal power. This is one of the reasons that we call him "[[America]]'s First Fascist."


Of the staff, with the rank of colonel. His personal relations with Braddock were friendly throughout, and in the calamitous defeat he showed for the first time that fiery energy which always lay hidden beneath his calm and unruffled exterior. He ranged the whole field on horseback, making himself the most conspicuous target for Indian bullets, and, in spite of what he called the "dastardly behaviour" of the regular troops, saved the expedition from annihilation, and brought the remnant of his Virginians out of action in fair order. In spite of his reckless exposure, he was one of the few unwounded officers. In August, after his return, he was commissioned commander of the Virginia forces, being then twenty-three years old. For about two years his task was that of "defending a frontier of more than 350 m. with 700 men," a task rendered the more difficult by the insubordination and irregular service of his soldiers, and by irritating controversies over official precedence. To settle the latter question he made a journey to Boston, in 1756, to confer with Governor William Shirley. In the winter of 1757 his health broke down, but in the next year he had the pleasure of commanding the advance guard of the expedition under General John Forbes which occupied Fort Duquesne and renamed it Fort Pitt. (See Pittsburg: History.) At the end of the year he resigned his commission, the war in Virginia being at an end, and in January 1759 married Martha Dandridge (1732-1802), widow of Daniel Parke Custis.
The [[Society of the Cincinnati]] is the nation’s oldest patriotic organization. It was founded in 1783 by General Washington of the Continental Army after the American [[Revolution]], as a [[secret society]], and as an alternative to the Freemasons, with which he had become disillusioned. His mission was to promote [[knowledge]] and appreciation of the achievement of American [[independence]] and to foster fellowship among its members. No longer a "Secret Society" it is now a nonprofit educational organization devoted to the principles and ideals of its founder.


For the next fifteen years Washington's life at Mount Vernon, where he made his home after his marriage, was that of a typical Virginia planter of the more prosperous sort, a consistent member and vestryman of the Established (Episcopal) Church, a large slave-holder, a strict but considerate master, and. a widely trusted man of affairs. His extraordinary escape in Braddock's defeat had led a colonial preacher to declare in a sermon his belief that the young man had been preserved to be "the saviour of his country"; but if there was any such impression it soon died away, and Washington gave his associates no reason to consider him a man of uncommon endowments. His marriage brought him an increase of about $100,000 in his property, making him one of the richest men in the colonies; and he was able to develop his plantation and enlarge its extent. His attitude towards slavery has been much discussed, but it does not seem to have been different from that of many other planters of that day: he did not think highly of the system, but had no invincible repugnance to it, and saw no way of getting rid of it. In his treatment of slaves he was exacting, but not harsh, and was averse to selling them save in case of necessity.  
=Slavery=
Washington owned and rented hundreds if not thousands of slaves, and during his lifetime over 577 slaves lived and worked at [[Mount Vernon]], just one of his many properties. He acquired them through inheritance, gaining control of 84 dower slaves upon his marriage to Martha, and many purchases. From 1786 he rented slaves; at the [[time]] of his death he was renting 41. 


His diaries show a minutely methodical conduct of business, generous indulgence in hunting, comparatively little reading and a wide acquaintance with the leading men of the colonies, but no marked indications of what is usually considered to be "greatness." As in the case of Lincoln, he was educated into greatness by the increasing weight of his responsibilities and the manner in which he met them. Like others of the dominant planter class in Virginia, he was repeatedly elected to the House of Burgesses, but the business which came before the colonial assembly was for some years of only local importance, and he is not known to have made any set speeches in the House, or to have said anything beyond a statement of his opinion and the reasons for it. He was present on the 29th of May 1765, when Patrick Henry introduced his famous resolutions against the Stamp Act. That he thought a great deal on public questions, and took full advantage of his legislative experience as a means of political education, is shown by his letter of the [[April 5]] 1769 to his neighbour, George Mason, communicating the Philadelphia non-importation resolutions, which had just reached him. In this he considers briefly the best means of peaceable resistance to the policy of the ministry, but even at that early date faces frankly and fully the probable final necessity of resisting by force, and endorses it, though only as a last resort. In May following, when the House of Burgesses was dissolved, he was among the members who met at the Raleigh tavern and adopted a non-importation agreement; and he himself kept the agreement when others did not. Though on friendly terms with Governor Norborne Berkeley, Baron Botetourt and his successor, John Murray, earl of Dunmore, he nevertheless took a prominent part, though without speechmaking, in the struggles of the Assembly against Dunmore, and his position was always a radical one. As the breach widened, he even opposed petitions to the king and parliament, on the ground that the claims to taxation and control had been put forward by the ministry on the basis of right, not of expediency, that the ministry could not abandon the claim of right and the colonies could not admit it, and that petitions must be, as they already had been, rejected. "Shall we," he writes in a letter, "after this whine and cry for relief?" On the 5th of August 1774 the Virginia convention appointed Washington as one of seven delegates to the first Continental Congress, which met at Philadelphia on the 5th of September, and with this appointment his national career, which was to continue with but two brief intervals until his death, begins. His letters during his service in Congress show that he had fully grasped the questions at issue, that he was under no delusions as to the outcome of the struggle over taxation, and that he expected war. "More blood will be spilled on this occasion," he wrote, "if the ministry are determined to push matters to extremity, than history has ever yet furnished instances of in the annals of North America." His associates in Congress at once recognized his military ability, and although he was not a member of any of the committees of the Congress, he seems to have aided materially in securing the endorsement by Congress of the Suffolk county, Massachusetts, resolves (see Milton, Mass.) looking towards organized resistance. On the adjournment of the Congress he returned to Virginia, where he continued to be active, as a member of the House of Burgesses, in urging on the organization, equipment and training of troops, and even undertook in person to drill volunteers.  
[[File:Washingtonslaves.png|right|Thumb|250px|Washington owned hundreds, if not thousands, of slaves.]]Washington was frugal on spending for clothes and bedding for his slaves. He only provided his slaves with just enough food to live, and through that he maintained strict control over them, instructing his overseers to keep them working hard from dawn to dusk year-round. Despite his frugality, Washington faced growing debts involved with the costs of supporting slaves. He held an engrained sense of racial superiority over blacks, but harbored no ill feelings toward them.


His attitude towards the mother country at this time, however, must not be misunderstood. Much as he expected war, he was not yet ready to declare in favour of independence, and he did not ally himself with the party of independence until the course of events made the adoption of any other course impossible. In March 1775 he was appointed a delegate from Virginia to the second Continental Congress, where he served on committees for fortifying New York, collecting ammunition, raising money and formulating army rules. It seems to have been generally understood that, in case of war, Virginia would expect him to act as her commander-in-chief, and it was noticed that, in the second Congress, he was the only member who habitually appeared in uniform. History, however, was to settle the matter on broader lines. The two most powerful colonies were Virginia and Massachusetts. The war began in Massachusetts, troops from New England flocking to the neighbourhood of Boston almost spontaneously; but the resistance, if it was to be effective, must have the support of the colonies to the southward, and the Virginia colonel who was serving on all the military committees of Congress, and whose experience in the Braddock campaign had made his name favourably known in England, was the obvious as well as the politic choice. When Congress, after the fights at Lexington and Concord, resolved that the colonies ought to be put in a position of defence, the first practical step was the unanimous selection (June I 5), on motion of John Adams of Massachusetts, of Washington as commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the United Colonies. Refusing any salary and asking only the reimbursement of his expenses, he accepted the position, asking "every gentleman in the room," however, to remember his declaration that he did not believe himself to be equal to the command, and that he accepted it only as a duty made imperative by the unanimity of the call.  
He generally sold his slaves along with the land they were working. they knew the field, and it kept the slave families together (Separating families was the most common [[reason]] for slave abscondence). In opposite fashion, he also traded slaves for land.  In a 1778 letter to Lund Washington, he made clear his desire "To get quit of Niggers" when discussing the exchange of slaves for the land he wanted to buy.  


He reiterated this belief in private letters even to his wife; and there seems to be no doubt that, to the day of his death, he was the most determined sceptic as to his fitness for the positions to which he was successively called. He was commissioned on the 17th of June 1775, set out at once for Cambridge, Mass., and on the 3rd of July took command of the levies there assembled for action against the British garrison in Boston. the battle of Bunker Hill had already taken place, news of it reaching him on the way north. Until the following March, Washington's work was to bring about some semblance of military organization and discipline, to collect ammunition and military stores, to correspond with Congress and the colonial authorities, to guide military operations in widely separate parts of the country, to create a military system for a people entirely unaccustomed to such a thing and impatient and suspicious under it, and to bend the course of events steadily towards driving the British out of [[Boston]]. He planned the expeditions against [[Canada]] under [[Richard Montgomery]] and [[Benedict Arnold]], and sent out privateers to harass British commerce. It is not easy to see how Washington survived the year 1775; the colonial poverty, the exasperating annoyances, the outspoken criticism of those who demanded active operations, the personal and party dissensions in Congress, the selfishness or stupidity which cropped out again and again among some of the most patriotic of his coadjutors were enough to have broken down most men. They completed his training. The change in this one winter is very evident. If he was not a great man when he went to Cambridge, he was both a general and a statesman in the fullest sense when he drove the British out of Boston in March 1 0 776. From that time until his death he was admittedly the foremost man of the continent.
==Flogging==
Washington used flogging more or less as a last resort, on both men and women slaves. Washington used both reward and punishment to encourage [[discipline]] and productivity in his slaves. He tried giving better blankets and clothing to the most deserving, but eventually gave up the practice after a recipient was killed by his jealous companions. He believed "watchfulness and admonition" to be often better deterrents against transgressions but would severely punish those who "will not do their duty by fair means". Punishment ranged in severity from demotion back to fieldwork, through whipping and beatings, [[hobbling]], and permanent separation from friends and family by sale.  


The military operations of the remainder of the War of Independence are described elsewhere (see American War Of Independence). Washington's retreat through New Jersey; the manner in which he turned and struck his pursuers at Trenton and Princeton, and then established himself at Morristown, so as to make the way to Philadelphia impassable; the vigour with which he handled his army at the Brandywine and Germantown; the persistence with which he held the strategic position of Valley Forge through the dreadful winter of 1777-1778, in spite of the misery of his men, the clamours of the people and the impotence and meddling of the fugitive Congress - all went to show that the fibre of his public character had been hardened to its permanent quality. "These are the times that try men's souls," wrote Thomas Paine at the beginning of 1776, and the words had added meaning in each year that followed; but Washington had no need to fear the test. The spirit which culminated in the treason of Benedict Arnold was a serious addition to his burdens; for what Arnold did others were almost ready to do.  
Historian Ron Chernow maintains that overseers were required to warn slaves before resorting to the lash. Washington remained dependent on slave labor to work his farms and negotiated the purchase of more slaves in 1786 and 1787.


Many of the American officers, too, had taken offence at the close personal friendship which had sprung up between the marquis de La Fayette and Washington, and at the diplomatic deference which the commander-in-chief felt compelled to show to other foreign officers. Some of the foreign volunteers were eventually dismissed politely by Congress, on the ground that suitable employment could not be found for them. The name of one of them, Thomas Conway, an Irish soldier of fortune from the French service, is attached to what is called "Conway's Cabal," a scheme for superseding Washington by General Horatio Gates, who in October 1777 succeeded in forcing Burgoyne to capitulate at Saratoga, and who had been persistent in his depreciation of the commander-in-chief and in intrigues with members of Congress. A number of officers, as well as of men in civil life, were mixed up in the plot, while the methods employed were the lowest forms of anonymous slander; but at the first breath of exposure every one concerned hurried to cover up his part in it, leaving Conway to shoulder both the responsibility and the disgrace. The treaty of alliance of 1778 with France, following the surrender of Burgoyne, put an end to all such plans. It was absurd to expect foreign nations to deal with a second-rate man as commander-in-chief while Washington was in the field, and he seems to have had no further trouble of this kind.  
==Other habits==
Washington brought several of his slaves with him and his family to the federal capital during his presidency. When the capital moved from [[New York City]] to Philadelphia in 1791, the president began rotating his slave household staff periodically between the capital and Mount Vernon. This was done deliberately to circumvent Pennsylvania's [[Slavery]] Abolition Act, which, in part, automatically freed any slave who moved to the state and lived there for more than six months.


The prompt and vigorous pursuit of Sir Henry Clinton across New Jersey towards New York, and the battle of Monmouth, in which the plan of battle was thwarted by Charles Lee, another foreign recruit of popular reputation, closed the military record of Washington, so far as active campaigning was concerned, until the end of the war. The [[British]] confined their operations to other parts of the continent, and Washington, alive as ever to the importance of keeping up connexion with New England, devoted himself to watching the British in and about [[New York City]]. It was in every way fitting, however, that he who had been the mainspring of the war from the beginning, and had borne far more than his share of its burdens and discouragements, should end it with the campaign of Yorktown, conceived by himself, and the surrender of Cornwallis (October 1781). Although peace was not concluded until September 1783, there was no more important fighting. Washington retained his commission until the 23rd of December 1783, when, in a memorable scene, he returned it to Congress, then in session at Annapolis, Md., and retired to Mount Vernon. His expenses during the war, including secret service money, aggregated about $64,000; in addition he expended a considerable amount from his private fortune, for which he made no claim to reimbursement.
Washington expressed polite support for emancipation to prominent Methodists Thomas Coke and Francis Asbury in 1785 but declined to sign their petition. In 1788, Washington declined a suggestion from a leading [[French]] abolitionist, Jacques Brissot, to establish an abolitionist society in Virginia, again showing polite support. Washington never responded to any of the antislavery petitions he received, and the [[subject]] was not mentioned in either his last address to Congress or his Farewell Address.


By this time the popular canonization of Washington had fairly begun. He occupied a position in American public life and in the [[American]] political system which no man could possibly hold again. He may be said to have become a political element quite apart from the Union, or the states, or the people of either. In a country in which newspapers had at best only a local circulation, and where communication was still slow and difficult, the knowledge that Washington favoured anything superseded, with very many men, both argument and the necessity of information. His constant correspondence with the governors of the states gave him a quasi-paternal attitude towards government in general. On relinquishing his command, for example, he was able to do what no other man could have done with either propriety or safety: he addressed a circular letter to the governors, pointing out changes in the existing form of government which he believed to be necessary, and urging "an indissoluble union of the states under one federal head," "a regard to public justice," the adoption of a suitable military establishment for a time of peace, and the making of "those mutual concessions which are requisite to the general prosperity." His refusal to accept a salary, either as commander-in-chief or as president, might have been taken as affectation or impertinence in any one else; it seemed natural and proper enough in the case of Washington, but it was his peculiar [[privilege]]. It is even possible that he might have had a crown, had he been willing to accept it.  
He continued to purchase slaves until his death.


The army, at the end of the war, was justly dissatisfied with its treatment. The officers were called to meet at Newburgh, and it was the avowed purpose of the leaders of the movement to march the army westward, appropriate vacant public lands as part compensation for arrears of pay, leave Congress to negotiate for peace without an army, and "mock at their calamity and laugh when their fear cometh." Less publicly avowed was the purpose to make their commanderin-chief king, if he could be persuaded to aid in establishing a monarchy. Washington put a summary stop to the whole proceeding. A letter written to him by Colonel Lewis Nicola, on behalf of this coterie, detailed the weakness of a republican form of government as they had experienced it, their desire for "mixed government," with him at its head, and their belief that "the title of king" would be objectionable to but few and of material advantage to the country. His reply was peremptory and indignant. In plain terms he stated his abhorrence of the proposal; he was at a loss to conceive what part of his conduct could have encouraged their address; they could not have found "a person to whom their schemes were more disagreeable"; and he charged them, "if you have any regard for yourself or posterity, or respect for me, to banish these thoughts from your mind, and never communicate, as from yourself or any one else, a sentiment of the like nature." His influence, and his alone, secured the quiet disbanding of the discontented army. That influence was as powerful after he had retired to Mount Vernon as before the resignation of his command.  
In February 1786, Washington took a census of Mount Vernon and recorded 224 slaves. By 1799, at the time of his death, slaves at Mount Vernon totaled 317, including 143 children. Washington owned 124 slaves, leased 40, and held 153 for his wife's dower interest.<ref>Beliles, Mark A. & Stephen k. McDowell (1989). America’s Providential [[History]]. The Providence Foundation; Charlottesville, VA.</ref>


The Society of the Cincinnati, an organization composed of officers of the late war, chose him as its first president; but he insisted that the Society should abandon its plan of hereditary membership, and change other features of the organization against which there had been public clamour. When the legislature of Virginia gave him 150 shares of stock in companies formed for the improvement of the Potomac and James rivers, and he was unable to refuse them lest his action should be misinterpreted, he extricated himself by giving them to educational institutions. His voluminous correspondence shows his continued concern for a standing army and the immediate possession of the western military posts, and his interest in the development of the western territory. From public men in all parts of the country he received such a store of suggestions as came to no other man, digested it, and was enabled by means of it to speak with what seemed infallible wisdom. In the midst of a burden of letter writing, the minute details in his diaries of tree-planting and rotation of crops, and his increasing reading on the political side of history, he found time to entertain a stream of visitors from all parts of the United States and from abroad. Among these, in March 1785, were the commissioners from Virginia and [[Maryland]], who met at Alexandria to form a commercial code for Chesapeake Bay and the Potomac, and made an opportunity to visit Mount Vernon. From that moment the current of events, leading into the Annapolis Convention (see Annapolis, Md.) of 1786 and the Federal Convention of the following year, shows Washington's close supervision at every point.
==Emancipation==
In his last years he considered emancipation of his many slaves, but he wanted to make sure his wife was attended to after his death. On July 9, 1799, Washington finished making his last will; the longest provision concerned slavery. All his slaves were to be freed after the death of his wife, Martha.


When the Federal Convention met at Philadelphia in May 1787 to frame the present constitution, Washington was present as a delegate from Virginia, though much against his will; and a unanimous vote at once made him the presiding officer. Naturally, therefore, he did not participate in [[debate]]; and he seems to have spoken but once, and then to favour an amendment reducing from 40,000 to 30,000 the minimum population required as a basis of representation in the House. The mere suggestion, coming from him, was sufficient, and the change was at once agreed to. He approved the constitution which was decided upon, believing, as he said, "that it was the best constitution which could be obtained at that epoch, and that this or a dissolution awaits our choice, and is the only alternative." As president of the convention he signed the constitution, and kept the papers of the convention until the adoption of the new government, when they were deposited in the Department of State. All his vast influence was given to secure the ratification of the new instrument, and his influence was probably decisive. When enough states had ratified to assure the success of the new government, and the time came to elect a president, there was no hesitation.  
On January 1, 1801, one year after George Washington's death, Martha Washington signed an order to free his slaves.  


The office of president had been "cut to fit the measure of George Washington," and no one thought of any other person in connexion with it. The unanimous vote of the electors made him the first president of the United States; their unanimous vote elected him for a second time in 17921 793 and even after he had positively refused to serve for a third term, two electors voted for him in 1796-1797. The public events of his presidency are given elsewhere (see United States, § History). While the success of the new government was the work of many men and many causes, one cannot resist the conviction that the factor of chief importance was the existence, at the head of the executive department, of such a character as Washington. It was he who gave to official intercourse formal dignity and distinction. It was he who secured for the president the power of removal from office without the intervention of the Senate. His support of Hamilton's financial plans not only insured a speedy restoration of public credit, but also, and even more important, gave the new government constitutional ground on which to stand; while his firmness in dealing with the "Whisky Insurrection" taught a much-needed and wholesome lesson of respect for the Federal power.
 


His official visits to New England in 1789, to Rhode Island in 1790 and to the South in 1791 enabled him to test public opinion at the same time that they increased popular interest in the national government. Himself not a political partisan, he held the two natural parties apart, and prevented party contest, until the government had become too firmly established to be shaken by them. Perhaps the final result would not in any case have failed, even had "blood and iron" been necessary to bring it about; but the quiet attainment of the result was due to the personality of Washington, as well as to the political sense of the American people.
=Freemasonry=
[[File:Washingtonmason.png|left|Thumb|250px|Freemason propaganda]]
The Narrative: As a [[Freemason]], George Washington was a “member” for over 30 years... Except he never actually became a member. In that time, he attended only 2 meetings total. Many Freemasons want to paint him as their most famous member, which, they literally did paint portraits of him in Freemason garb. But he never once sat for one of those, and most were done after he was dead. In [[fact]], an outraged George Washington claimed the one painting done during his time to be “Mason [[propaganda]]!” to paint him as such. This is literally where the term "being painted as" sprang from. Freemasons painting Washington as a member, long after he got fed up with them and quit. Not that you could blame the Freemasons. He wrote publicly that the paintings amounted to slander. He hated the Masons.


It would be a great mistake to suppose, however, that the influence of the president was fairly appreciated during his term of office, or that he himself was uniformly respected. Washington seems never to have understood fully either the nature, the significance, or the inevitable necessity of party government in a republic. Instead, he attempted to balance party against party, selected representatives of opposing political views to serve in his first cabinet, and sought in that way to neutralize the effects of parties. The consequence was that the two leading members of the cabinet, [[Alexander Hamilton]] and [[Thomas Jefferson]], exponents for the most part of diametrically opposite political doctrines, soon occupied the position, to use the words of one of them, of "two game-cocks in a pit." The unconscious drift of Washington's mind was toward the Federalist party; his letters to La Fayette and to Patrick Henry, in December 1798 and January 1799, make that evident even without the record of his earlier career as president.  
Those paintings are propaganda, and still effective even today. He attended two meetings, and didn't actively associate with [[Freemasonry]]; he had quit before taking any oath. <ref>Findings concerning George Washington’s association with Freemasonry:Barton, David (2005).</ref><ref>The Question of Freemasonry and the Founding Father. Wallbuilders Press; Texas.</ref>


It is inconceivable that, to a man with his type of mind and his extraordinary experience, the practical sagacity, farsightedness and aggressive courage of the Federalists should not have seemed to embody the best political wisdom, however little he may have been disposed to ally himself with any party group or subscribe to any comprehensive creed. Accordingly, when the DemocraticRepublican party came to be formed, about 1793, it was not to be expected that its leaders would long submit with patience to the continual interposition of Washington's name and influence between themselves and their opponents; but they maintained a calm exterior. Some of their followers were less discreet. The president's proclamation of neutrality, in the war between England and France, excited them to anger; his support of Jay's treaty with Great Britain roused them to fury. His firmness in thwarting the activities of Edmond Charles Edouard Genet, minister from France, alienated the partisans of France; his suppression of the "Whisky Insurrection" aroused in some the fear of a military despotism. Forged letters, purporting to show his desire to abandon the revolutionary struggle, were published; he was accused of drawing more than his salary; his manners were ridiculed as "aping monarchy"; hints of the propriety of a guillotine for his benefit began to appear; he was spoken of as the "stepfather of his country." The brutal attacks, exceeding in virulence anything that would be tolerated to-day, embittered his presidency, especially during his second term: in 1793 he is reported to have declared, in a cabinet meeting, that "he would rather be in his grave than in his present situation," and that "he had never repented but once the having slipped the moment of resigning his office, and that was every moment since." The most unpleasant portions of Jefferson's Anas are those in which, with an air of psychological dissection, he details the storms of passion into which the president was driven by the newspaper attacks upon him. There is no reason to believe, however, that these attacks represented the feeling of any save a small minority of the politicians; the people never wavered in their devotion to the president, and his election would have been unanimous in 1796, as in 1792 and 1789, had he been willing to serve.
Washington attended his two Masonry meetings in the Lodge at Fredericksburg, Virginia. The Lodge’s surviving minute book records Washington attending only two meetings: September 1, 1753, and January 4, 1755. There is a record showing that on November 4, 1752, he paid the lodge two pounds and three shillings to join but declined to take the oath and did not join.


He retired from the presidency in 1797, 1 and returned to Mount Vernon, his journey thither being marked by popular demonstrations of affection and esteem. At Mount Vernon, which had suffered from neglect during his absence, he resumed the plantation life which he loved, the society of his family, and the care of his slaves. He had resolved some time before never to obtain another slave, and "wished from his soul" that Virginia could be persuaded to abolish slavery; "it might prevent much future mischief"; but the unprecedented profitableness of the cotton industry, under the impetus of the recently invented cotton gin, had already begun to change public sentiment regarding slavery, and Washington was too old to attempt further innovations. Visitors continued to flock to him, and his correspondence, as always, took a wide range. In 1798 he was made commanderin-chief of the provisional army raised in anticipation of war with he had previously, under date of the 17th of September 1796, issued a notable "Farewell Address" to the American people.
Records also show that he visited King Solomon’s Lodge in Poughkeepsie, New York, on December 27, 1783. He was there to meet one of the members and signed the guest register. There were no Masonic events that day. Additionally, Washington had close relations with Masonic members and was a guest at several dinners.


[[France]], and was fretted almost beyond endurance by the quarrels of Federalist politicians over the distribution of commissions. In the midst of these military preparations he was struck down by sudden illness, which lasted but for a day, and died at Mount. Vernon on the 14th of December 1799. His disorder was an oedematous affection of the wind-pipe, contracted by exposure during a long ride in a snowstorm, and aggravated by neglect and by such contemporary remedies as bleeding, gargles of "molasses, vinegar and butter" and "vinegar and sage tea," which "almost suffocated him," and a blister of cantharides. on the throat. He died as simply as he had lived; his last words were only business directions, affectionate remembrances to relatives, and repeated apologies to the physicians and attendants. for the trouble he was giving them. Just before he died, says his secretary, Tobias Lear, he felt his own pulse; his countenance changed; the attending physician placed his hands over the eyes of the dying man, "and he expired without a struggle or a sigh." The third of the series of resolutions introduced in the House of Representatives five days after his death, by John Marshall of Virginia, later chief-justice of the Supreme Court, states exactly, if somewhat rhetorically, the position of Washingtion in American history: "first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen." 2 His will contained a provision freeing his slaves, and a request that no oration be pronounced at his funeral. His remains rest in the family vault at Mount Vernon (q.v.), which since 1860 has been held by an association, practically as national property.
After the war, in 1784, Washington accepted the invitation of his friends and neighbors to attend a June banquet at Alexandria Lodge No. 39, where he was elected an honorary member. This means that in spite of all the maneuvering, the gifts, the paintings, honors given him retroactively after his death, that Washington was never a Freemason. This is according to the Mason Society's own records.


All contemporary accounts agree that Washington was of imposing presence. He measured just 6 ft. when prepared for burial; but his height in his prime, as given in his orders for clothes from London, was 3 in. more. La Fayette says that his hands were "the largest he ever saw on a man." Custis says that his complexion was "fair, but considerably florid." His weight was about 220 lb. Evidently it was his extraordinary dignity and poise, forbidding even the suggestion of familiarity, quite as much as his stature, that impressed those who knew him. The various and widely-differing portraits of him find exhaustive treatment in the seventh volume of Justin Winsor's Narrative and Critical History of America. Winsor thinks that "the favourite profile has been unquestionably Houdon's, with Gilbert Stuart's canvas for the full face, and probably John Trumbull's for the figure." Stuart's face, however, with its calm and benign expression, has fixed the popular notion of Washington.
[[Category:Charter Articles]]
[[Category:Great articles]]
[[Category:Key Articles]]
[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Politicians]]
[[Category:Presidents of the United States]]


Washington was childless: the people of his time said he was the father only of his country. Collateral branches of the family have given the Lees, the Custises, and other families a. claim to an infusion of the blood.
=Christianity=
== See also ==
[[File:Washingtonchristian.png|right|Thumb|250px|Washington and the church he attended, occasionally travelling three hours in the snow.]]
* [[United States Declaration of Independence]]
Records show, George Washington had a very close association with his home church, Christ Church, in Alexandria, VA. You can go to this church today and sit in the very church “box” which belonged to the Washington family. His adopted daughter, Nelly, (who was, in fact, his step-granddaughter) noted he rarely missed a Sunday, even if roads were bad and it took them over 2-3 hours to get there.  
*[[All men are created equal]]
 
* [[Constitution of the United States]]
While he was traveling with his military and political career, which was indeed much of his career, record after record shows he attended church. Whether he was wintering at Valley Forge, or while he was in the First Continental and Constitutional Congresses in Philadelphia, he would attend services and fervently prayed. Right after he was inaugurated as [[President of the United States]] at Federal Hall in New York City, he immediately went to church to commit his presidency in prayer.
==External links==
 
=== Encyclopedias ===
Rev Henry Muhlenberg, an active Revolutionary who served with General Washington at Valley Forge, recorded that the General “rode around among his army…and admonished each and every one to fear God…and to practice [[Christian]] values.”
*[https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Washington Encyclopedia Britannica: George Washington]
 
*[https://theodora.com/encyclopedia/w/george_washington.html Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 Edition: George Washington]
{{Quote|“O eternal and everlasting God, increase my faith in the gospels, daily frame me more and more into the likeness of thy son Jesus Christ, that living in thy fear, and dying in thy favor, I may in thy appointed time attain the resurrection of the just unto eternal life.”| George Washington| personal prayer journal}}
*[https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/us-history-biographies/george-washington Encyclopedia.com: George Washington]
 


==References==
=Legacy=
{{reflist|2}}
The lack of evidence for George Washington being a Freemason and the overwhelming verification (literal volumes of accounts) of his Authoritarian character, one can make a good case George Washington was more or less exactly the sort of person that all great men must be, to be great men, an [[authoritarian]] who rejects evil.<ref>IBID</ref>
{{1911 Encyclopedia}}
 
George Washington established his life and beliefs upon ancient Roman wisdom. Truly, a reflection of the nation he was so instrumental in founding.
 
=References=
{{Reflist|2}}




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Latest revision as of 13:30, 3 July 2024


America's First Fascist

George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) was an American military officer, politician, statesman, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of the Continental Army, Washington led the Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War and served as the president of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which created the Constitution of the United Statesand the American federal government. Washington has been called the Father of the Country for his recognition as a national father figure.

America's First Fascist

Washington posing as Cincinnatus.

Centuries after Fascist Rome fell, the compendium of Roman classics served as an ideological guidebook for George Washington. Classical Roman concepts and figures exerted a formative influence on all of the founders’ governmental theories and principles of virtue. The founders considered Ancient Rome to be a blueprint for their new nation. Roman heroes and villains became common references in American political rhetoric.

Washington used classical symbols in his rhetoric to implicitly compare himself to Roman leaders such as Cincinnatus. By associating himself with these classical symbols, he imbued the wisdom and virtue of Roman fascists into his own messages and built a foundation rooted in historical fascism for the fledgling American nation.

George Washington modeled his sense of courage and purpose on the characters of Cincinnatus and Cato the Younger. Cato was a Roman politician whose moral integrity inspired all of the founders.

In addition to Cato, Washington also invited comparison to the Roman fascist Cincinnatus. Cincinnatus was a stern general who was called out of retirement to lead the Roman army, but willingly resigned after winning the war. After leaving his own retirement to lead the Continental Army, Washington also willingly relinquished his power at the end of the war. Per Cincinnatus, Washington placed society's needs over personal power. This is one of the reasons that we call him "America's First Fascist."

The Society of the Cincinnati is the nation’s oldest patriotic organization. It was founded in 1783 by General Washington of the Continental Army after the American Revolution, as a secret society, and as an alternative to the Freemasons, with which he had become disillusioned. His mission was to promote knowledge and appreciation of the achievement of American independence and to foster fellowship among its members. No longer a "Secret Society" it is now a nonprofit educational organization devoted to the principles and ideals of its founder.

Slavery

Washington owned and rented hundreds if not thousands of slaves, and during his lifetime over 577 slaves lived and worked at Mount Vernon, just one of his many properties. He acquired them through inheritance, gaining control of 84 dower slaves upon his marriage to Martha, and many purchases. From 1786 he rented slaves; at the time of his death he was renting 41. 

Washington owned hundreds, if not thousands, of slaves.

Washington was frugal on spending for clothes and bedding for his slaves. He only provided his slaves with just enough food to live, and through that he maintained strict control over them, instructing his overseers to keep them working hard from dawn to dusk year-round. Despite his frugality, Washington faced growing debts involved with the costs of supporting slaves. He held an engrained sense of racial superiority over blacks, but harbored no ill feelings toward them.

He generally sold his slaves along with the land they were working. they knew the field, and it kept the slave families together (Separating families was the most common reason for slave abscondence). In opposite fashion, he also traded slaves for land.  In a 1778 letter to Lund Washington, he made clear his desire "To get quit of Niggers" when discussing the exchange of slaves for the land he wanted to buy.

Flogging

Washington used flogging more or less as a last resort, on both men and women slaves. Washington used both reward and punishment to encourage discipline and productivity in his slaves. He tried giving better blankets and clothing to the most deserving, but eventually gave up the practice after a recipient was killed by his jealous companions. He believed "watchfulness and admonition" to be often better deterrents against transgressions but would severely punish those who "will not do their duty by fair means". Punishment ranged in severity from demotion back to fieldwork, through whipping and beatings, hobbling, and permanent separation from friends and family by sale.

Historian Ron Chernow maintains that overseers were required to warn slaves before resorting to the lash. Washington remained dependent on slave labor to work his farms and negotiated the purchase of more slaves in 1786 and 1787.

Other habits

Washington brought several of his slaves with him and his family to the federal capital during his presidency. When the capital moved from New York City to Philadelphia in 1791, the president began rotating his slave household staff periodically between the capital and Mount Vernon. This was done deliberately to circumvent Pennsylvania's Slavery Abolition Act, which, in part, automatically freed any slave who moved to the state and lived there for more than six months.

Washington expressed polite support for emancipation to prominent Methodists Thomas Coke and Francis Asbury in 1785 but declined to sign their petition. In 1788, Washington declined a suggestion from a leading French abolitionist, Jacques Brissot, to establish an abolitionist society in Virginia, again showing polite support. Washington never responded to any of the antislavery petitions he received, and the subject was not mentioned in either his last address to Congress or his Farewell Address.

He continued to purchase slaves until his death.

In February 1786, Washington took a census of Mount Vernon and recorded 224 slaves. By 1799, at the time of his death, slaves at Mount Vernon totaled 317, including 143 children. Washington owned 124 slaves, leased 40, and held 153 for his wife's dower interest.[1]

Emancipation

In his last years he considered emancipation of his many slaves, but he wanted to make sure his wife was attended to after his death. On July 9, 1799, Washington finished making his last will; the longest provision concerned slavery. All his slaves were to be freed after the death of his wife, Martha.

On January 1, 1801, one year after George Washington's death, Martha Washington signed an order to free his slaves.

 

Freemasonry

Freemason propaganda

The Narrative: As a Freemason, George Washington was a “member” for over 30 years... Except he never actually became a member. In that time, he attended only 2 meetings total. Many Freemasons want to paint him as their most famous member, which, they literally did paint portraits of him in Freemason garb. But he never once sat for one of those, and most were done after he was dead. In fact, an outraged George Washington claimed the one painting done during his time to be “Mason propaganda!” to paint him as such. This is literally where the term "being painted as" sprang from. Freemasons painting Washington as a member, long after he got fed up with them and quit. Not that you could blame the Freemasons. He wrote publicly that the paintings amounted to slander. He hated the Masons.

Those paintings are propaganda, and still effective even today. He attended two meetings, and didn't actively associate with Freemasonry; he had quit before taking any oath. [2][3]

Washington attended his two Masonry meetings in the Lodge at Fredericksburg, Virginia. The Lodge’s surviving minute book records Washington attending only two meetings: September 1, 1753, and January 4, 1755. There is a record showing that on November 4, 1752, he paid the lodge two pounds and three shillings to join but declined to take the oath and did not join.

Records also show that he visited King Solomon’s Lodge in Poughkeepsie, New York, on December 27, 1783. He was there to meet one of the members and signed the guest register. There were no Masonic events that day. Additionally, Washington had close relations with Masonic members and was a guest at several dinners.

After the war, in 1784, Washington accepted the invitation of his friends and neighbors to attend a June banquet at Alexandria Lodge No. 39, where he was elected an honorary member. This means that in spite of all the maneuvering, the gifts, the paintings, honors given him retroactively after his death, that Washington was never a Freemason. This is according to the Mason Society's own records.

Christianity

Washington and the church he attended, occasionally travelling three hours in the snow.

Records show, George Washington had a very close association with his home church, Christ Church, in Alexandria, VA. You can go to this church today and sit in the very church “box” which belonged to the Washington family. His adopted daughter, Nelly, (who was, in fact, his step-granddaughter) noted he rarely missed a Sunday, even if roads were bad and it took them over 2-3 hours to get there.   While he was traveling with his military and political career, which was indeed much of his career, record after record shows he attended church. Whether he was wintering at Valley Forge, or while he was in the First Continental and Constitutional Congresses in Philadelphia, he would attend services and fervently prayed. Right after he was inaugurated as President of the United States at Federal Hall in New York City, he immediately went to church to commit his presidency in prayer.   Rev Henry Muhlenberg, an active Revolutionary who served with General Washington at Valley Forge, recorded that the General “rode around among his army…and admonished each and every one to fear God…and to practice Christian values.”  

Quotebubble.png “O eternal and everlasting God, increase my faith in the gospels, daily frame me more and more into the likeness of thy son Jesus Christ, that living in thy fear, and dying in thy favor, I may in thy appointed time attain the resurrection of the just unto eternal life.”
— George Washington, personal prayer journal

 

Legacy

The lack of evidence for George Washington being a Freemason and the overwhelming verification (literal volumes of accounts) of his Authoritarian character, one can make a good case George Washington was more or less exactly the sort of person that all great men must be, to be great men, an authoritarian who rejects evil.[4]   George Washington established his life and beliefs upon ancient Roman wisdom. Truly, a reflection of the nation he was so instrumental in founding.  

References

  1. ↑ Beliles, Mark A. & Stephen k. McDowell (1989). America’s Providential History. The Providence Foundation; Charlottesville, VA.
  2. ↑ Findings concerning George Washington’s association with Freemasonry:Barton, David (2005).
  3. ↑ The Question of Freemasonry and the Founding Father. Wallbuilders Press; Texas.
  4. ↑ IBID
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