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• 22:29, 7 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Pluralism (Created page with "Classical '''pluralism''' is the view that politics and decision-making are located mostly in the framework of government, but that many non-governmental groups use their resources to exert influence. The central question for classical pluralism is how power and influence are distributed in a political process. Groups of individuals try to maximize their interests. Lines of conflict are multiple and shifting as power is a continuous bargaining process between competi...")
• 22:26, 7 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Postmodernism (Created page with "'''Postmodernism:'' is a mode of discourse that is characterized by philosophical skepticism toward the grand narratives offered by modernism; that rejects epistemological certainty and the stability of meaning; and rejects the emphasis on ideology as the means of maintaining political power. Postmodernism dismisses claims that facts are objective as naïve realism, given the conditional nature of knowledge. The investigative perspective of Postmodernism is c...")
• 14:29, 7 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Psychoanalytic theory (Created page with "This debunked jewish technique is still hailed in some corners as valid. Because a jew made it. Sigmund Freud’s time-wasting '''psychoanalytic theory'' of personality development falsly claimed that human personality is the result of three different but fundamental structures which he made up; the id, the ego, and the superego. Psychoanalytic theory concentrated on awareness levels combined with our experiences in early childhood that together could supposedly form...")
• 14:20, 7 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Hedonism (Created page with "'''Hedonism''' refers to a family of theories, all of which have in common that pleasure plays a central role in them. Psychological or motivational hedonism claims that human behavior is determined by desires to increase pleasure and to decrease pain. Normative or ethical hedonism, on the other hand, is not about how we actually act but how we ought to act: we should pursue pleasure and avoid pain. Axiological hedonism, which is sometimes treated as a part of ethical he...")
• 15:25, 6 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs deleted page Greek Gods (content was: "'''Greek Gods''' There are many Pagan Ancient Greek Gods in the pantheon. These are the same as Roman Gods. Zeus the God of the sky, Poseidon the God of the Sea, Hades the God of the Underworld. These three make up the main components of the pantheon. The pantheon is made up of 12 Gods called Olympians, which turned into the word "Olympics." T...", and the only contributor was "NatSocAccount" (talk))
• 15:08, 6 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Objectivism (Created page with "'''objectivism''' noun One of several doctrines holding that all reality is objective and external to the mind and that knowledge is reliably based on observed objects and events. An emphasis on objects rather than feelings or thoughts in literature or art. A school of [m9dernism|modernist]] poetry emphasizing the poem itself as object, rather than focusing on its ostensible content. Category:Definitions Category:Philosophy")
• 15:05, 6 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Constructivism (Redirected page to Constructivist epistemology) Tag: New redirect
• 15:04, 6 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Constructivist epistemology (Created page with "'''Constructivist epistemology''' is a branch in philosophy maintaining that scientific knowledge is constructed by the scientific community, who seek to measure and construct models of the natural world. Natural science therefore consists of mental constructs that aim to explain sensory experience and measurements. According to constructivists, the world is independent of human minds, but knowledge of the world is always a human and social construction. Constructi...")
• 14:03, 6 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Philisophical (Redirected page to Philosophy) Tag: New redirect
• 14:01, 6 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Embodied cognition (Created page with "'''Embodied cognition''' is the Philisophical theory that many features of cognition, whether human or otherwise, are shaped by aspects of the entire body of the organism. The features of cognition include high level mental constructs (such as concepts and categories) and performance on various cognitive tasks (such as reasoning or judgment). The aspects of the body include the motor system, the perceptual system, bodily interactions with the environment (situatednes...")
• 13:03, 6 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Epistemic externalism (Created page with "Externalist views of justification emerged in epistemology during the late 20th century<ref name="Sosa, Ernest 2008">Sosa, Ernest, Jaegwon Kim, Jeremy Fantl, Matthew McGrath. Introduction to Part V. ''Epistemology.'' By Ernest Sosa, Jaegwon Kim, Jeremy Fantl, Matthew McGrath. Malden: Blackwell, 2008. 305–309. Print.</ref>. Externalist conceptions of justification assert that facts external to the believer can serve as the justification for a belief. According to the ex...")
• 12:53, 6 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Philosophical skepticism (Redirected page to Skepticism) Tag: New redirect
• 12:53, 6 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Reliabilism (Created page with "'''Reliabilism''', a category of theories in the philosophical discipline of epistemology, has been advanced as a theory both of justification and of knowledge. Process reliabilism has been used as an argument against philosophical skepticism, such as the ''"brain in a vat"'' thought experiment.<ref name="kd47">{{cite web|url=http://pantheon.yale.edu/~kd47/responding.htm|title=Responding to Skepticism|last=DeRose|first=Keith|archive-url=https://web.archive.or...")
• 12:17, 6 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Idealists (Redirected page to Idealism) Tag: New redirect
• 12:17, 6 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Representative realism (Created page with "'''Representative realism''', Aka ''Representative Theory of Perception'', also known as ''Indirect realism'', ''epistemological dualism'', and ''The veil of perception'', is a philosophical concept. It states that we do not (and can not) perceive the external world directly; instead we know only our ideas or interpretations of objects in the world. Thus, a barrier or a veil of perception prevents first-hand knowledge of anything beyond it. The "veil" exists betw...")
• 22:31, 5 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Ethnomethodology (Created page with "In philosophy, '''Ethnomethodology''' is the study of how people use social interaction to maintain an ongoing sense of reality in a situation. To gather data, ethnomethodologists rely on ​conversation analysis and a rigorous set of techniques for systematically observing and recording what happens when people interact in natural settings. It is an attempt to classify the actions people take when they are acting in groups. Category:Definitions Category:Philo...")
• 22:22, 5 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Situated cognition (Created page with "'''Situated Cognition''' is a new movement in Philosophy which derives from pragmatism, Gibsonian ecological psychology, ethnomethodology, the theories of Vygotsky and the writings of Heidegger. However, the key impetus of its development was work done in the late 1980s in educational psychology. Empirical work on how children and young people learned showed that traditional 'cognitivist' rule bound approaches were inadequate to describe how learning actu...")
• 15:12, 5 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Theory of Forms (Created page with "Plato's '''theory of Forms''' or '''theory of Ideas'''<ref>Modern English textbooks and translations prefer "theory of Form" to "theory of Ideas", but the latter has a long and respected tradition starting with Cicero and continuing in German philosophy until today, and some English philosophers prefer this in English too.  See W D Ross, Plato's Theory of Ideas (1951) and [http://www.philosophyprofessor.com/philosophies/platos-theory-of-forms.php this] reference sit...")
• 22:18, 4 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Innatism (Created page with "In epistemology, '''Innatism''' is the doctrine that the mind is born with certain thoughts, ideas, knowledge, or beliefs. The opposing doctrine, that the mind is a tabula rasa at birth and all knowledge is gained from experience and the senses, is called Empiricism. Infants are born with a fear of heights, and an ability to swim, contrary to the idea that we evolved from tree dwellers, just as two non-metaphysical examples. This philosophy lends itself...")
• 22:08, 4 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Logical positivism (Created page with "'''logical positivism''' ''noun'' #A philosophy asserting the primacy of observation in assessing the truth of statements of fact and holding that metaphysical and subjective arguments not based on observable data are meaningless. #A 20th century school of philosophy which held that all knowledge is based on logical inferences from empirical observations. #The form of empiricism that bases all knowledge on perceptual experience (not on intuition or revelation) [...")
• 22:04, 4 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Epistemological (Redirected page to Epistemology) Tag: New redirect
• 22:03, 4 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page The Enlightenment (Created page with "#reditectThe Age of Enlightenment ")
• 22:01, 4 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Immanuel Kant (Created page with "Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher and one of the Enlightenment's main thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have made him one of the most influential figures in modern philosophy. In his doctrine of transcendental idealism, Kant argued that space and time are mere "forms of intuition" which structure all experience, and therefore, while "things-in-themsel...")
• 21:55, 4 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Transcendental idealism (Created page with "'''Transcendental idealism''' is a philosophical system founded by German philosopher Immanuel Kant in the 18th century. Kant's epistemological program is found throughout his Critique of Pure Reason. By transcendental Kant means that his philosophical approach to knowledge transcends mere consideration of sensory evidence and requires an understanding of the mind's innate modes of processing that sensory evidence. In the "Transcendental Aesthetic" sectio...")
• 21:51, 4 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Indirect realism (Created page with "'''Indirect''' or '''representative realism''' is the philosophical position that our conscious experience is not of the real world itself but of an internal representation, a miniature virtual-reality replica of the world. Category:Definitions Category:Philosophy")
• 21:44, 4 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Epistemology (Created page with "'''epistemology''' ''noun'' #The branch of philosophy that examines the nature of knowledge, its presuppositions and foundations, and its extent and validity. #The theory of cognition; that branch of logic which undertakes to explain how knowledge is possible. Probably first used by Ferrier. #The theory or science of the method or grounds of knowledge. Category:Definitions Category:Philosophy")
• 21:40, 4 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Natural science (Created page with "'''natural science''' ''noun'' #A science, such as biology, chemistry, or physics, that deals with the objects, phenomena, or laws of nature and the physical world. #A science involved in studying phenomena or laws of the physical world; a general term of physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, and so on. #The sciences involved in the study of the physical world and its phenomena. Category:Definitions")
• 21:31, 4 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Naïve realism (Created page with "In philosophy of perception and philosophy of mind, '''naïve realism''' is the idea that the senses provide us with direct awareness of objects as they really are. When referred to as direct realism, naïve realism is often contrasted with indirect realism. According to the naïve realist, the objects of perception are not representations of external objects, but are in fact those external objects themselves. The naïve realist is typically also a metaphysical r...")
• 21:23, 4 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Naturalized epistemology (Created page with "A term for a range of philosophical positions that link the concept of epistemology to natural science.<ref>[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemology-naturalized ''Naturalized Epistemology'' from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]</ref> It is Platonian and Fascist. ==References== Category:Definitions Category:Philosophy")
• 14:16, 3 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Utilitarianism (Created page with "'''Utilitarianism''' is a framework for morality, based on quantitative maximisation of the definition of utility for society and humanity. It is a fascist core quality. Utilitarianism is a scientific logical way to define Good and Evil. *As a definition of what is good, utilitarianism holds that the good is that which yields the greatest utility; being preference-satisfaction, or in reference to an objective list of values. *As a definition of what is right,...")
• 14:04, 3 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Consequentialism (Created page with "'''Consequentialism''' is the belief that what ultimately matters in evaluating actions or policies of action are the consequences that result from choosing one action or policy rather than the alternative. Consequentialism is sometimes conflated with utilitarianism, which is a mistake, as utilitarianism is but one kind of consequentialism. Even utilitarianism is a broad family of theories, including act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism. Category:Philosophy")
• 13:59, 3 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Deontology (Created page with "In moral philosophy, '''deontology''' is the view that morality either forbids or permits actions. For example, a deontological moral theory might hold that lying is wrong, even if it produces good consequences. Historically, the most influential deontological theory of morality was developed by the fascist German philosopher Immanuel Kant, who introduced the idea of the categorical imperative. Category:Philosophy")
• 13:55, 3 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Deontological ethics (Redirected page to Deontology) Tag: New redirect
• 13:52, 3 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Virtue ethics (Created page with "In philosophy, the phrase '''''virtue ethics''''' refers to ethical systems that focus primarily on what sort of person one should try to be. Thus, one of the aims of virtue ethics is to offer an account of the sort of characteristics a virtuous person has. Category:Philosophy")
• 13:49, 3 February 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Moral realism (Created page with "'''Moral realism''' is the philosophical doctrine that moral claims are cognitive claims that are at least sometimes true. Moral realism, therefore, contrasts with non-cognitivism (which variously holds that moral claims are prescriptions, commands, or expressions of one's emotions, affective disposition, or acceptance of norms) and "error-theories" of morality (which hold that moral claims are indeed cognitive, but are all completely mistaken). Some moral realis...")
• 16:46, 30 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Moral relativism (Created page with "'''Moral relativism''' is the viewpoint that moral standards are not absolute, but instead emerge from the induvidual, that things exist only in the context of the people who observe them, and that people can simply invent their own morality and do whatever they please. Moral relativists claim that people can only be only judged by their own set of values, and that every person is "sovereign" and need only answer to themselves. Those who believe in Moral absolut...")
• 16:27, 30 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Error theory (Created page with "'''Error theory''' is a fringe idea built on three principles: # There are no moral features in this world; nothing is right or wrong. # Therefore, no moral judgments are true. # However, our sincere moral judgments try, but always fail, to describe the moral features of things. Thus, we always lapse into error when thinking in moral terms. We are trying to state the truth when we make moral judgments. But since there is no moral truth, all of our moral claims are mis...")
• 16:21, 30 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Non-cognitivism (Created page with "'''Non-cognitivism''' is a fringe meta-ethical view that ethical sentences (e.g. "Killing is wrong") ''do not'' * express propositions * convey factual beliefs * have cognitive meaning * have a truth value (i.e. it makes no sense to say they are true or false) * make claims about the world This is in constrast to statements such as "The sky is blue", which ''do'' do the above things. ==The Claim== Note that non-cognitivism is ''not'' saying that whether...")
• 00:58, 30 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page NSC-131 (Redirected page to NSC 131) Tag: New redirect
• 16:44, 29 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs blocked 193.41.123.221 talk with an expiration time of indefinite (anonymous users only, account creation disabled)
• 16:43, 29 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs blocked 45.154.231.1 talk with an expiration time of indefinite (anonymous users only, account creation disabled)
• 12:21, 28 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs uploaded a new version of File:Holoencrings.png
• 13:03, 27 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Ethical egoism (Created page with "'''Ethical egoism''' is the judeo-Marxist belief that one should to do whatever is in one's own self-interest, even if what is in one's self-interest may be detrimental to others. Ethical egoism is very sim8lar to rational egoism, which holds that it is rational to act in one's self-interest, but not that it is ethically imperative. Ethical egoism does not ''necessitate'' that individuals disregard the well-being of others, nor does it ''require'' that an indiv...")
• 12:18, 27 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Cultural relativism (Created page with "'''Cultural relativism''' is the principle that foreign beliefs and activities should not be examined througg the lens of your own culture, but inexplicably, somhow judged by the foreigner's. This principle was established as axiomatic in anthropological research by Franz Boas, who believ3d that he had tbe superpower of understanding all cultures, in the first few decades of the 20th century, and later popularized by fanatical Marxist students. Boas himself did...")
• 18:06, 26 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Intermediate logic (Created page with "In mathematical logic, a '''superintuitionistic logic''' is a propositional logic extending intuitionistic logic. Classical logic is the strongest consistent superintuitionistic logic; thus, consistent superintuitionistic logics are called '''intermediate logics''' (the logics are intermediate between intuitionistic logic and classical logic).<ref>{{cite web|title=Intermediate logic|url=https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php/Intermediate_logic|...")
• 17:49, 26 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Functional logic (Created page with "'''Functional logic''' is a philosophy that is used in the makeup of computer languages, and is the combination, in a single programming language, of the paradigms of functional programming (including higher-order programming) and logic programming (non-deterministic programming, unification). This style of programming was pioneered<ref>{{cite book |first1=Gopalan |last1=Nadathur |first2=D. |last2=Miller |chapter=Higher-Order Logic Programming |title=Handbook of Logi...")
• 17:37, 26 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Symbolic logic (Created page with "'''Symbolic logic''', is a subset of both philosophy and mathematical logic. Although the layperson may think that the term '''''mathematical logic''''' refers to the logic of mathematics, the truth is rather that it more closely resembles the mathematics of logic. It comprises those parts of logic that can be modeled mathematically. Although the fact is not emphasized in traditional treatments (although this may change as software advances and exposition then star...")
• 17:23, 26 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Intuitionistic logic (Created page with "'''Intuitionistic Logic''' is the logical branch of Mathematical intuitionism. Roughly speaking, 'intuitionism' holds that logic and math are 'constructive' mental activities. That is, they are not analytic activities wherein deep properties of existence are revealed and applied. Instead, logic and math are the application of internally consistent methods to realize more complex mental constructs (really, a kind of game). In a stricter sense, intuitionistic logic can b...")
• 17:17, 26 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Minimal logic (Created page with "'''Minimal logic''', or '''minimal calculus''', is the symbolic logic system originally developed by Ingebrigt Johansson. If we interpret Classical logic as a system of Natural deduction removing the rule of Double negative elimination results in Minimal logic. Then if we interpret Minimal logic as an Axiomatic system we can conservatively extend it with different Axioms resulting in a variety of Intermediate logics lying between Minimal logic and Classical...")
• 12:36, 20 January 2023 Bacchus talk contribs created page Modal Logic (Created page with "'''Modal logic''' is a form of logic which distinguishes between '''necessary truths''' and '''contingent truths'''. A truth is ''necessary'' if it cannot be avoided, such as 2 + 2 = 4; by contrast, a ''contingent'' truth just happens to be the case, for instance "more than half of the earth is covered by water". In the most common interpretation of modal logic, one considers "all possible worlds". If a statement is true in all possible worlds, then it is a necessar...")