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'''Philosophy''' is the discipline concerned with questions of how one should live ([[ethics]]); what sorts of things exist and what are their essential | '''Philosophy''' is the discipline concerned with questions of how one should live ([[ethics]]); what sorts of things exist and what are their essential [[nature]]s ([[metaphysics]]); what counts as genuine knowledge ([[epistemology]]); and what are the correct principles of reasoning ([[logic]]).<ref>{{cite book|author=Quinton, Anthony; ed. Ted Honderich|title="Philosophy". ''The Oxford Companion to Philosophy''|date=1996}}</ref> <ref> Will Durant, ''Story of Philosophy: The Lives and Opinions of the World's Greatest Philosophers'', Pocket, 1991, ISBN: 0671739166, ISBN-13 978-0671739164. </ref>ย The word itself is of [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] origin: (''philosophรญa''), a compound of (''phรญlos'': friend, or lover) and (''sophรญa'': wisdom).<ref>"But philosophy has been both the seeking of wisdom and the wisdom sought." {{cite book|title=Dictionary of Philosophy|author=Dagobert D. Runes|publisher=Kessinger Publishing}} ISBN 1428613102</ref><ref>The definition of philosophy is: "1.orig., love of, or the search for, wisdom or knowledge 2.[[theory]] or logical analysis of the principles underlying conduct, thought, knowledge, and the [[nature]] of the universe." {{cite book|title=Webster's New World Dictionary|edition=Second College}}</ref>ย ย | ||
The field has historically expanded and changed depending upon what kinds of questions were interesting or relevant in a given era, it is generally agreed that philosophy is a method, rather than a set of claims, propositions, or theories. Its investigations are based upon rational thinking, striving to make no unexamined assumptions and no leaps based on faith or pure analogy. Different philosophers have had varied ideas about the nature of reason, and there is also disagreement about the subject matter of philosophy. Some think that philosophy examines the process of inquiry itself. Others, that there are essentially philosophical propositions which it is the task of philosophy to prove.<ref name="Blackburn">{{cite book|title="Philosophy", ''The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy''|author=Blackburn, Simon|date=1994|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> ย | ==Range of Field== | ||
ย | The field has historically expanded and changed depending upon what kinds of questions were interesting or relevant in a given era, it is generally agreed that philosophy is a method, rather than a set of claims, propositions, or theories. Its investigations are based upon rational thinking, striving to make no unexamined assumptions and no leaps based on faith or pure analogy. Different philosophers have had varied ideas about the [[nature]] of reason, and there is also disagreement about the subject matter of philosophy. Some think that philosophy examines the process of inquiry itself. Others, that there are essentially philosophical propositions which it is the task of philosophy to prove.<ref name="Blackburn">{{cite book|title="Philosophy", ''The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy''|author=Blackburn, Simon|date=1994|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title="Emergence of the history of Chinese philosophy", Comparative Approaches to Chinese Philosophy|author=Cua, Anthony S.}}</ref> ย | ||
==Organization== | |||
Philosophy is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Some sources claim the term was coined by Pythagoras; others dispute this story, Philosophical methods include questioning, critical discussion, rational argument, and systematic presentation. Historically, philosophy encompassed all bodies of knowledge and a practitioner was known as a philosopher. From the time of [[Ancient Greece|Ancient Greek]] philosopher [[Aristotle]] to the 19th century, "natural philosophy" encompassed astronomy, medicine, and physics. For example, Newton's 1687 Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy later became classified as a book of physics. In the 19th century, the growth of modern research universities led academic philosophy and other disciplines to professionalize and specialize. | Philosophy is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Some sources claim the term was coined by Pythagoras; others dispute this story, Philosophical methods include questioning, critical discussion, rational argument, and systematic presentation. Historically, philosophy encompassed all bodies of knowledge and a practitioner was known as a philosopher. From the time of [[Ancient Greece|Ancient Greek]] philosopher [[Aristotle]] to the 19th century, "natural philosophy" encompassed astronomy, medicine, and physics. For example, Newton's 1687 Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy later became classified as a book of physics. In the 19th century, the growth of modern research universities led academic philosophy and other disciplines to professionalize and specialize. | ||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
* [[Modernism]] | * [[Modernism]] | ||
* [[Postmodernism]] | * [[Postmodernism]] | ||
* [[Psychoanalytic | * [[Psychoanalytic theory]] | ||
=== Epistemological stances === | === Epistemological stances === | ||
| Line 58: | Line 58: | ||
* [[Moral relativism]] | * [[Moral relativism]] | ||
* [[National Socialism]] | * [[National Socialism]] | ||
* [[Error | * [[Error theory]] | ||
* [[Non-cognitivism]] | * [[Non-cognitivism]] | ||
* [[Ethical egoism]] | * [[Ethical egoism]] | ||
| Line 106: | Line 106: | ||
* [[Solipsism]] | * [[Solipsism]] | ||
* [[Subjectivism]] | * [[Subjectivism]] | ||
* [[Substance | * [[Substance theory]] | ||
* [[Type | ]] | ||
* [[Type theory]] | |||
*[[Emergentism]] | *[[Emergentism]] | ||
*[[Emanationism]] | *[[Emanationism]] | ||
| Line 134: | Line 135: | ||
=== Philosophy of language theories and stances === | === Philosophy of language theories and stances === | ||
{{Div col}} | {{Div col}} | ||
* [[Causal | * [[Causal theory of reference]] | ||
* [[Contrast | * [[Contrast theory of meaning]] | ||
* [[Contrastivism]] | * [[Contrastivism]] | ||
* [[Conventionalism]] | * [[Conventionalism]] | ||
* [[Cratylism]] | * [[Cratylism]] | ||
* [[Deconstruction]] | * [[Deconstruction]] | ||
* [[Descriptivist | * [[Descriptivist theory of names]] | ||
* [[Direct reference | * [[Direct reference theory]] | ||
* [[Dramatism]] | * [[Dramatism]] | ||
* [[Expressivism]] | * [[Expressivism]] | ||
* [[Linguistic determinism]] | * [[Linguistic determinism]] | ||
* [[Logical atomism]] | * [[Logical atomism]] | ||
* [[Mediated reference | * [[Mediated reference theory]] | ||
* [[Nominalism]] | * [[Nominalism]] | ||
* [[Non-cognitivism]] | * [[Non-cognitivism]] | ||
* [[Phallogocentrism]] | * [[Phallogocentrism]] | ||
* [[Quietism]] | * [[Quietism]] | ||
* [[Relevance | * [[Relevance theory]] | ||
* [[Semantic externalism]] | * [[Semantic externalism]] | ||
* [[Semantic holism]] | * [[Semantic holism]] | ||
* [[Sophism]] | * [[Sophism]] | ||
* [[Structuralism]] | * [[Structuralism]] | ||
* [[Supposition | * [[Supposition theory]] | ||
* [[Symbiosism]] | * [[Symbiosism]] | ||
* [[Theological noncognitivism]] | * [[Theological noncognitivism]] | ||
* [[Theory of descriptions]] | * [[Theory of descriptions]] | ||
* [[Verification | * [[Verification theory]] | ||
{{Div col end}} | {{Div col end}} | ||
| Line 175: | Line 176: | ||
* [[Epiphenomenalism]] | * [[Epiphenomenalism]] | ||
* [[Functionalism]] | * [[Functionalism]] | ||
* [[Identity | * [[Identity theory]] | ||
* [[Idealism]] | * [[Idealism]] | ||
* [[Interactionism]] | * [[Interactionism]] | ||
| Line 186: | Line 187: | ||
* [[Physicalism]] | * [[Physicalism]] | ||
* [[Property dualism]] | * [[Property dualism]] | ||
* [[Representational | * [[Representational theory of mind]] | ||
* [[Sense datum | * [[Sense datum theory]] | ||
* [[Solipsism]] | * [[Solipsism]] | ||
* [[Substance dualism]] | * [[Substance dualism]] | ||
* [[Qualia | * [[Qualia theory]] | ||
{{Div col end}} | {{Div col end}} | ||
| Line 203: | Line 204: | ||
* [[Dharma|Dharmism]] | * [[Dharma|Dharmism]] | ||
* [[Deism]] | * [[Deism]] | ||
* [[Divine command | * [[Divine command theory]] | ||
* [[Dualistic cosmology]] | * [[Dualistic cosmology]] | ||
* [[Esotericism]] | * [[Esotericism]] | ||
| Line 259: | Line 260: | ||
* [[Positivism]] | * [[Positivism]] | ||
* [[Pragmatism]] | * [[Pragmatism]] | ||
* [[Pyrrhonism]] | |||
* [[Rationalism]] | * [[Rationalism]] | ||
* [[Received view of theories]] | * [[Received view of theories]] | ||
| Line 272: | Line 274: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
=Alphabetical listing= | =Alphabetical listing of terms= | ||
<div style="column-count:5"> | <div style="column-count:5"> | ||
== A == | == A == | ||
| Line 320: | Line 322: | ||
* [[Categorical imperative]] | * [[Categorical imperative]] | ||
* [[Categorization]] | * [[Categorization]] | ||
* | * ย | ||
* [[Causal adequacy principle]] | * [[Causal adequacy principle]] | ||
* [[Causality]] | * [[Causality]] | ||
| Line 359: | Line 361: | ||
* [[Desiring-production]] | * [[Desiring-production]] | ||
* [[Dharma]] | * [[Dharma]] | ||
* [[Dhyฤna in Buddhism|Dhyana]] | * [[Dhyฤna in [[Buddhism]]|Dhyana]] | ||
* [[Diksha]] | * [[Diksha]] | ||
* [[Disciplinary institution]] | * [[Disciplinary institution]] | ||
| Line 411: | Line 413: | ||
* [[Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft]] | * [[Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft]] | ||
* [[Gettier problem]] | * [[Gettier problem]] | ||
* [[Cooperative principle | * [[Cooperative principle]] (Gricean maxims) | ||
== H == | == H == | ||
| Line 426: | Line 428: | ||
== I == | == I == | ||
* [[Idea]] | * [[Idea]] | ||
* [[Ideal (ethics) | * [[Ideal]] (ethics) | ||
* [[Ideal speech situation]] | * [[Ideal speech situation]] | ||
* [[Identity (philosophy)|Identity]] | * [[Identity (philosophy)|Identity]] | ||
| Line 468: | Line 470: | ||
* [[Knowledge]] | * [[Knowledge]] | ||
* [[Kundalini energy]] | * [[Kundalini energy]] | ||
* [[Kaula (Hinduism | * [[Kaula]] ([[Hinduism]]) | ||
* [[Kalachakra]] | * [[Kalachakra]] | ||
* [[Kฤla (time)|Kala]] | * [[Kฤla (time)|Kala]] | ||
| Line 489: | Line 491: | ||
== M == | == M == | ||
* [[Magnificence (History of ideas) | * [[Magnificence]] (History of ideas) | ||
* [[Mansion of Many Apartments]] | * [[Mansion of Many Apartments]] | ||
* [[Mantra]] | * [[Mantra]] | ||
| Line 496: | Line 498: | ||
* [[Master-slave dialectic]] | * [[Master-slave dialectic]] | ||
* [[Material cause]] | * [[Material cause]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Matter]] | ||
* [[Max Scheler | * [[Max Scheler]] | ||
* [[Maya (illusion) | * [[Maya]] (illusion) | ||
* [[Meaning (existential) | * [[Meaning]] (existential) | ||
* [[Meaning of life]] | * [[Meaning of life]] | ||
* [[Mental representation]] | * [[Mental representation]] | ||
| Line 505: | Line 507: | ||
* [[Mimesis]] | * [[Mimesis]] | ||
* [[Mind]] | * [[Mind]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Minority]] | ||
* [[Moksha]] | * [[Moksha]] | ||
* [[Molyneux's Problem]] | * [[Molyneux's Problem]] | ||
* [[Moral responsibility]] | * [[Moral responsibility]] | ||
* [[Motion (physics) | * [[Motion]] (physics) | ||
* [[Mundane reason]] | * [[Mundane reason]] | ||
| Line 516: | Line 518: | ||
* [[Nation]] | * [[Nation]] | ||
* [[Natural and legal rights]] | * [[Natural and legal rights]] | ||
* [[Nature (innate) | * [[Nature]] (innate) | ||
* [[Necessary and sufficient condition]] | * [[Necessary and sufficient condition]] | ||
* [[Negative capability]] | * [[Negative capability]] | ||
* [[Nonmaleficence]] | * [[Nonmaleficence]] | ||
* [[Norm of reciprocity]] | * [[Norm of reciprocity]] | ||
* [[Norm ( | * [[Norm]] (Philosophy) | ||
* [[Normative science]] | * [[Normative science]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Notion]] | ||
== O == | == O == | ||
* [[ | * [[Object]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Objectivity]] | ||
* [[Om]] | * [[Om]] | ||
* [[Omphalos hypothesis]] | * [[Omphalos hypothesis]] | ||
| Line 535: | Line 537: | ||
* [[Panopticon]] | * [[Panopticon]] | ||
* [[Paradox]] | * [[Paradox]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Passions]] | ||
* [[Pattern]] | * [[Pattern]] | ||
* [[Peace]] | * [[Peace]] | ||
| Line 551: | Line 553: | ||
* [[Possible world]] | * [[Possible world]] | ||
* [[Posthegemony]] | * [[Posthegemony]] | ||
* [[Presupposition]] | * [[Presupposition]] | ||
* [[Primum non nocere]] | * [[Primum non nocere]] | ||
| Line 561: | Line 560: | ||
* [[Problem of other minds]] | * [[Problem of other minds]] | ||
* [[Prohairesis]] | * [[Prohairesis]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Property]] | ||
* [[Propositional attitude]] | * [[Propositional attitude]] | ||
== Q == | == Q == | ||
* [[Qualia]] | * [[Qualia]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Quality]] | ||
* [[Quantity]] | * [[Quantity]] | ||
* [[Quidditas]] | * [[Quidditas]] | ||
== R == | == R == | ||
* [[ | * [[Rasa]] | ||
* [[Rationality]] | * [[Rationality]] | ||
* [[Real freedom]] | * [[Real freedom]] | ||
* [[Reason]] | * [[Reason]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Reciprocity]] | ||
* [[Reference]] | * [[Reference]] | ||
* [[Reform]] | * [[Reform]] | ||
| Line 581: | Line 580: | ||
* [[Rajas]] | * [[Rajas]] | ||
* [[Raja yoga]] | * [[Raja yoga]] | ||
* [[Ren (Confucianism | * [[Ren]] ([[Confucianism]]) | ||
* [[Right to exist]] | * [[Right to exist]] | ||
* [[Righteousness]] | * [[Righteousness]] | ||
| Line 595: | Line 594: | ||
* [[Satori]] | * [[Satori]] | ||
* [[Sea of Beauty]] | * [[Sea of Beauty]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Self]] | ||
* [[Self-realization]] | * [[Self-realization]] | ||
* [[Semantics]] | * [[Semantics]] | ||
* [[Sense data]] | * [[Sense data]] | ||
* [[Set ( | * [[Set]] (Mathmatics) | ||
* [[Shabda]] | * [[Shabda]] | ||
* [[Shakti]] | * [[Shakti]] | ||
| Line 614: | Line 613: | ||
* [[Speculative reason]] | * [[Speculative reason]] | ||
* [[State of nature]] | * [[State of nature]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Style]] | ||
* [[Sub specie aeternitatis]] | * [[Sub specie aeternitatis]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Subject]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Sublime]] | ||
* [[Substance theory]] | * [[Substance theory]] | ||
* [[Substantial form]] | * [[Substantial form]] | ||
* [[Substitution ( | * [[Substitution]] (Logic) | ||
* [[Suffering]] | * [[Suffering]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Supermind]] | ||
* [[Superrationality]] | * [[Superrationality]] | ||
* [[Supertask]] | * [[Supertask]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Symbol]] | ||
* [[Syntax ( | * [[Syntax]] (Logic) | ||
== T == | == T == | ||
* [[Taste | * [[Taste|Taste]] (sociology) | ||
* [[Tantra]] | * [[Tantra]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Techne]] | ||
* [[Telos]] | |||
* [[The Golden Rule]] | * [[The Golden Rule]] | ||
* [[The saying and the said]] | * [[The saying and the said]] | ||
| Line 639: | Line 639: | ||
* [[Thrownness]] | * [[Thrownness]] | ||
* [[Thumos]] | * [[Thumos]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Tamas]] | ||
* [[Ti (concept) | * [[Ti]] (concept) | ||
* [[Time]] | * [[Time]] | ||
* [[Token]] | |||
* [[Trailokya]] (Triloka) | * [[Trailokya]] (Triloka) | ||
* [[Transcendence | * [[Transcendence]] | ||
* [[Transcendental apperception]] | * [[Transcendental apperception]] | ||
* [[Transworld identity]] | * [[Transworld identity]] | ||
* [[Trika]] | * [[Trika]] | ||
* [[Triratna]] | * [[Triratna]] | ||
* [[Trilok (Jainism | * [[Trilok]] ([[Jainism]]) | ||
* [[ | * [[Trust]] | ||
* [[Truth]] | * [[Truth]] | ||
* [[Truth value]] | * [[Truth value]] | ||
* [[Type (metaphysics | * [[Type]] ([[metaphysics]]) | ||
== U == | == U == | ||
| Line 658: | Line 659: | ||
* [[Unity of science]] | * [[Unity of science]] | ||
* [[Unity of the proposition]] | * [[Unity of the proposition]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Universal]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Universality]] | ||
* [[Unobservable]] | * [[Unobservable]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Untermensch]] | ||
* [[Utilitarianism]] | |||
== V == | == V == | ||
* [[ | * [[Validity]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Value]] | ||
* [[Vamachara]] | * [[Vamachara]] | ||
* [[Vajrayana]] | * [[Vajrayana]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Virtual]] | ||
* [[Virtue]] | * [[Virtue]] | ||
| Line 677: | Line 679: | ||
== Y == | == Y == | ||
* [[Yi | * [[Yang]] | ||
* [[Yi]] | |||
* [[Yin]] | |||
* [[Yoga]] | * [[Yoga]] | ||
* [[Yidam]] | * [[Yidam]] | ||
| Line 688: | Line 692: | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Upgradable_definitions]] | [[Category:Upgradable_definitions]] | ||
[[Category:Philosophy]] | [[Category:Philosophy]] | ||
[[Category:Projects]] | |||
Latest revision as of 16:55, 21 February 2024
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Philosophy is the discipline concerned with questions of how one should live (ethics); what sorts of things exist and what are their essential natures (metaphysics); what counts as genuine knowledge (epistemology); and what are the correct principles of reasoning (logic).[1] [2] The word itself is of Greek origin: (philosophรญa), a compound of (phรญlos: friend, or lover) and (sophรญa: wisdom).[3][4]
Range of Field
The field has historically expanded and changed depending upon what kinds of questions were interesting or relevant in a given era, it is generally agreed that philosophy is a method, rather than a set of claims, propositions, or theories. Its investigations are based upon rational thinking, striving to make no unexamined assumptions and no leaps based on faith or pure analogy. Different philosophers have had varied ideas about the nature of reason, and there is also disagreement about the subject matter of philosophy. Some think that philosophy examines the process of inquiry itself. Others, that there are essentially philosophical propositions which it is the task of philosophy to prove.[5][6]
Organization
Philosophy is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Some sources claim the term was coined by Pythagoras; others dispute this story, Philosophical methods include questioning, critical discussion, rational argument, and systematic presentation. Historically, philosophy encompassed all bodies of knowledge and a practitioner was known as a philosopher. From the time of Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle to the 19th century, "natural philosophy" encompassed astronomy, medicine, and physics. For example, Newton's 1687 Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy later became classified as a book of physics. In the 19th century, the growth of modern research universities led academic philosophy and other disciplines to professionalize and specialize.
By Field
Aesthetical movements
- Symbolism
- Romanticism
- Futurism
- Impressionism
- Historicism
- Classicism
- Modernism
- Postmodernism
- Psychoanalytic theory
Epistemological stances
- Coherentism
- Constructivist epistemology
- Contextualism
- Embodied cognition
- Empiricism
- Fallibilism
- Foundationalism
- Holism
- Infinitism
- Innatism
- Logical positivism
- Naรฏve realism
- Naturalized epistemology
- Objectivism
- Phenomenalism
- Positivism
- Reductionism
- Reliabilism
- Representative realism
- Rationalism
- Situated cognition
- Skepticism
- Theory of Forms
- Transcendental idealism
- Uniformitarianism
Ethical theories
- Consequentialism
- Deontology
- Virtue ethics
- Hedonism
- Moral realism
- Moral relativism
- National Socialism
- Error theory
- Non-cognitivism
- Ethical egoism
- Nihilism
- Cultural relativism
- Cultural Marxism
Logical systems
- Classical logic
- Intermediate logic
- Functional logic
- Intuitionistic logic
- Minimal logic
- Relevant logic
- Affine logic
- Linear logic
- Ordered logic
- Dialetheism
- Modal Logic
- Symbolic logic
Metaphysical stances
- Absurdism
- Anti-realism
- Cartesian dualism
- Free will
- Materialism
- Meaning of life
- Idealism
- Existentialism
- Essentialism
- Libertarianism
- Determinism
- Compatibilism
- Naturalism
- Monism
- Platonic idealism
- Hindu idealism
- Phenomenalism
- Nihilism
- Realism
- Physicalism
- Pirsig's metaphysics of Quality
- Relativism
- Scientific realism
- Solipsism
- Subjectivism
- Substance theory
]]
Political philosophies
- Anarchism
- Authoritarianism
- Capitalism
- Conservatism
- Communism
- Fascism
- Francoism
- Italian Fascism
- judeo-Marxism
- Liberalism
- Libertarianism
- National Socialism
- Marxism
- Metaxism
- Rexism
- Shลwa
- Social democracy
- Socialism
Philosophy of language theories and stances
- Causal theory of reference
- Contrast theory of meaning
- Contrastivism
- Conventionalism
- Cratylism
- Deconstruction
- Descriptivist theory of names
- Direct reference theory
- Dramatism
- Expressivism
- Linguistic determinism
- Logical atomism
- Mediated reference theory
- Nominalism
- Non-cognitivism
- Phallogocentrism
- Quietism
- Relevance theory
- Semantic externalism
- Semantic holism
- Sophism
- Structuralism
- Supposition theory
- Symbiosism
- Theological noncognitivism
- Theory of descriptions
- Verification theory
Philosophy of mind theories and stances
- Behaviourism
- Biological naturalism
- Consciousness
- Disjunctivism
- Dualism
- Eliminative materialism
- Emergent materialism
- Enactivism
- Epiphenomenalism
- Functionalism
- Identity theory
- Idealism
- Interactionism
- Materialism
- Monism
- Neutral monism
- Panpsychism
- Phenomenalism
- Phenomenology
- Physicalism
- Property dualism
- Representational theory of mind
- Sense datum theory
- Solipsism
- Substance dualism
- Qualia theory
Philosophy of religion stances
- Theories of religion
- Acosmism
- Agnosticism
- Animism
- Antireligion
- Atheism
- Dharmism
- Deism
- Divine command theory
- Dualistic cosmology
- Esotericism
- Exclusivism
- Existentialism
- Feminist theology
- Fideism
- Fundamentalism
- Gnosticism
- Henotheism
- Humanism
- Inclusivism
- Monism
- Monotheism
- Mysticism
- Naturalism
- New Age
- Nondualism
- Nontheism
- Pandeism
- Pantheism
- Perennialism
- Polytheism
- Process theology
- Spiritualism
- Shamanism
- Taoism
- Theism
- Transcendentalism
Philosophy of science theories and stances
- Confirmation holism
- Coherentism
- Contextualism
- Conventionalism
- Deductive-nomological model
- Determinism
- Empiricism
- Fallibilism
- Foundationalism
- Hypothetico-deductive model
- Infinitism
- Instrumentalism
- Positivism
- Pragmatism
- Pyrrhonism
- Rationalism
- Received view of theories
- Reductionism
- Semantic view of theories
- Scientific realism
- Scientism
- Scientific anti-realism
- Skepticism
- Uniformitarianism
- Vitalism
Alphabetical listing of terms
A
- A priori and a posteriori
- Absolute
- Absolute time and space
- Abstract and concrete
- Adiaphora
- Aesthetic emotions
- Aesthetic interpretation
- Agathusia and aschimothusia
- Alief
- All men are created equal
- Analytic-synthetic distinction
- Anthropic principle
- Antinomy
- Antinomian
- Apeiron
- Arborescent
- Artha
- Art manifesto
- Atman
- Aufheben
- Autonomy
- Avant-garde
- Avatar
- Avadhuta
B
- Beauty
- Being
- Belief
- Binary opposition
- Biofact
- Body without organs
- Boredom
- Brahman
- Brahmanda
- Brain in a vat
- Brute fact
C
- Cambridge change
- Camp
- Cartesian Other
- Cartesian Self
- Categorical imperative
- Categorization
- Causal adequacy principle
- Causality
- Chakra
- Charvaka
- Chaitanya
- Choice
- Civic virtue
- Class consciousness
- Class
- Cogito ergo sum
- Cognitive bias
- Cognitive closure
- Commensurability
- Common good
- Common sense
- Composition of Causes
- Compossibility
- Conatus
- Concept
- Condition of possibility
- Conjecture
- Conscience
- Consent
- Construct
- Creativity
- Crazy wisdom
- Cultural hegemony
- Cultural sensibility
- Cuteness
D
- Daimonic
- Darshana
- De dicto and de re
- Definition
- Descriptive knowledge
- Desiring-production
- Dharma
- [[Dhyฤna in Buddhism|Dhyana]]
- Diksha
- Disciplinary institution
- Discourse
- Disgust
- Dispositional and occurrent belief
- Distributive justice
- Distrust
- Documentality
- Dogma
- Duty
- Dwelling
E
- Ecotechnics
- Ecstasy
- Efficient cause
- Elegance
- Embodied cognition
- Emergence
- Empirical method
- Empirical relationship
- Empirical research
- Entertainment
- Entity
- Epistemic injustice
- Epistemic virtue
- Epochรฉ
- Eroticism
- Essence
- Eternity
- Ethics of care
- Eudaimonia
- Eupraxis
- Existence
- Existential phenomenology
- Experience
F
- Fact
- Fidelity
- Final anthropic principle
- Final cause
- Formal cause
- Formal theorem
- Four causes
- Free will
- Friendship
G
- Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
- Gettier problem
- Cooperative principle (Gricean maxims)
H
- Haecceity
- Half-truth
- Happiness
- Harmony
- Hate speech
- Here is a hand
- Heteronomy
- History and Class Consciousness
- Human rights
I
- Idea
- Ideal (ethics)
- Ideal speech situation
- Identity
- Ideological repression
- Ideology
- Ignoramus et ignorabimus
- Ignorance
- I know that I know nothing
- Immanence
- Immanent critique
- Implicate and explicate order according to David Bohm
- Infallibility
- Inference
- Infinity
- Information
- Injustice
- Innocence
- Instantiation principle
- Institutional cruelty
- Intellectual responsibility
- Intention
- Integral philosophy
- Integral theory
- Integral yoga
- Interpellation
- Intrinsic and extrinsic properties
- Intuition
- Involution
- Ius indigenatus
J
K
L
- Laรฏcitรฉ
- Last man
- League of peace
- Logic
- Life imitating art
- Logical consequence
- Logical constant
- Logical form
- Logical truth
- Logos
- Love
- Loyalty
M
- Magnificence (History of ideas)
- Mansion of Many Apartments
- Mantra
- Marx's theory of alienation
- Marx's theory of human nature
- Master-slave dialectic
- Material cause
- Matter
- Max Scheler
- Maya (illusion)
- Meaning (existential)
- Meaning of life
- Mental representation
- Mercy
- Mimesis
- Mind
- Minority
- Moksha
- Molyneux's Problem
- Moral responsibility
- Motion (physics)
- Mundane reason
N
- Name
- Nation
- Natural and legal rights
- Nature (innate)
- Necessary and sufficient condition
- Negative capability
- Nonmaleficence
- Norm of reciprocity
- Norm (Philosophy)
- Normative science
- Notion
O
P
- Panopticon
- Paradox
- Passions
- Pattern
- Peace
- Percept
- Perception
- Peripatetic axiom
- Perpetual peace
- Philosophical analysis
- Philosophy of futility
- Physical body
- Physis
- Pneuma
- Political consciousness
- Polychotomous key
- Possible world
- Posthegemony
- Presupposition
- Primum non nocere
- Principle
- Principle of double effect
- Problem of induction
- Problem of other minds
- Prohairesis
- Property
- Propositional attitude
Q
R
- Rasa
- Rationality
- Real freedom
- Reason
- Reciprocity
- Reference
- Reform
- Regress argument
- Rajas
- Raja yoga
- Ren (Confucianism)
- Right to exist
- Righteousness
- Rights
- Ring of Gyges
- Rule of Rescue
S
- Satchidananda
- Sattva
- Sahaja
- Samarasa
- Satori
- Sea of Beauty
- Self
- Self-realization
- Semantics
- Sense data
- Set (Mathmatics)
- Shabda
- Shakti
- Sunyata
- Slippery slope
- Simulacrum
- Simulated reality
- Simulation hypothesis
- Sittlichkeit
- Social contract
- Society
- Soku hi
- Sortal
- Speculative reason
- State of nature
- Style
- Sub specie aeternitatis
- Subject
- Sublime
- Substance theory
- Substantial form
- Substitution (Logic)
- Suffering
- Supermind
- Superrationality
- Supertask
- Symbol
- Syntax (Logic)
T
- Taste (sociology)
- Tantra
- Techne
- Telos
- The Golden Rule
- The saying and the said
- Theorem
- Theory of justification
- Thought
- Thrownness
- Thumos
- Tamas
- Ti (concept)
- Time
- Token
- Trailokya (Triloka)
- Transcendence
- Transcendental apperception
- Transworld identity
- Trika
- Triratna
- Trilok (Jainism)
- Trust
- Truth
- Truth value
- Type (metaphysics)
U
- รbermensch
- Unity of science
- Unity of the proposition
- Universal
- Universality
- Unobservable
- Untermensch
- Utilitarianism
V
W
Y
Z
References
- โ Quinton, Anthony; ed. Ted Honderich (1996). "Philosophy". The Oxford Companion to Philosophy.
- โ Will Durant, Story of Philosophy: The Lives and Opinions of the World's Greatest Philosophers, Pocket, 1991, ISBN: 0671739166, ISBN-13 978-0671739164.
- โ "But philosophy has been both the seeking of wisdom and the wisdom sought." Dagobert D. Runes. Dictionary of Philosophy Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 1428613102
- โ The definition of philosophy is: "1.orig., love of, or the search for, wisdom or knowledge 2.theory or logical analysis of the principles underlying conduct, thought, knowledge, and the nature of the universe." Webster's New World Dictionary.
- โ Blackburn, Simon (1994). "Philosophy", The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- โ Cua, Anthony S.. "Emergence of the history of Chinese philosophy", Comparative Approaches to Chinese Philosophy.